IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDLY
2-12
The second is by a toothed rod fixed upon the front orfore-part of the coup or turn-up cart; and on the shafts asmall pinion is placed, served with a handle, by which it isturned round, at the same time its teeth acting upon the teethof the rod. By this means, the fore-part of the cart can easi-ly be elevated, in proportion to the slope of the path, or sur-face of the ground ■, the weight of the load is thus thrownmore upon the axle, and the pressure on the cattle employedon the shafts is less severe in going down hill. Another verysimple method of accomplishing this, is by a piece of iron,fastened on the fore-part of the cart, and perforated with se-veral holes for the admission of an iron pin or bolt, by whichthe body of the cart can easily be kept at any position or an-gle to the shafts that may be found necessary.
As, in general, the shoulders of draught horses, or thatpart of their neck on which the collar rests, has a slopeor inclination, which forms an angle with the perpendicu-lar of between fourteen and eighteen degrees, it is evident,that the line in which they draw, should form the same anglewith the surface of the road or ground on which they walk,so as to make a right angle from the slope of their shoulders ;because in that case, the animal must pull in a direction, bywhich the different parts of the shoulders are equally press-ed, or acted upon by the collar 5 the pressure must, of course,be less severe on the body of the horse employed in thedraught.
There is a cart of a particular construction, made use ofin the quarry of Kingoodie, by Dundee, which merits the at-tention of those who have works of a similar nature. Thiscart is furnished with a bended iron axle, which brings itsbody within twelve or fifteen inches of the ground, the wheelsbeing between five and six feet in diameter. The ease withwhich this machine is drawn, loaded, and unloaded, is greaterthan in the common cart in a considerable proportion. Thereis also a cart in this quarry for carrying large stones, such as