OF SCOTLAND .

3f"

PART I.

OF TILLAGE IN GENERAL, AND THE OPERATIONS CON-NECTED WITH THAT FUNDAMENTAL BRANCH OF AGRI-CULTURE.

SECT. I.

OF PLOUGHING.

§ 1. Introductory observations .—In all the well cultivateddistricts of Scotland , the important and fundamental opera-tion of ploughing is now uniformly executed by means of theimproved swing plough, generally known by the name ofSmall’s plough, from the person who first brought that excel-lent implement to a degree of perfection, which has not hi-therto been surpassed for general utility. In every instance,except in first tearing up coarse wastes, incumbered withstones and the roots of trees and shrubs, this plough is drawnby two horses a-breast, directed by the ploughman with whip-reins, and without a driver.

Before proceeding to the consideration of tillage and plough-

terms commonly used in Scotland are retained, as, 1. Furrow-slice, to denoteevery piece turned over by the plough ; 2. Furr or furrow , the open space leftby the plough; 3. Open furrow, the interval between the ridges; and, 4. Water-furrow, when this interval is cleared out to answer the purposes of an open drain.The general term furrow, as first, second furrow, Ac. is used as synonymouswith ploughing.