OF SCOTLAND.

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may be varied thus: 1. Turnips; 2. Barley or oats; 3. Cloverand rye-grass; 4. Wheat. When the soil is inferior, thiscourse of four crops will require the grass portion of the ro-tation to be protracted for two or more years, to restore orto preserve the fertility of the soil.

On very good turnip soil, approaching towards the natureof rich free loam, especially with some command of adventi-tious manure, as on mill lands or those within reach of town ma-nure, a system of alternate white and green crops, or eulmife-rous, and leguminous, may be successfully persisted in for aconsiderable number of years, similar to the following: 1. Tur-nips ; 2. Wheat ; 3. Drilled beans or peas ; 4. Wheat orbarley ; 5. Turnips ; 6. Wheat or barley ; 7. Clover and rye-grass; 8. Oats, &c. But when a farm has to depend on its ownresources for muck, perhaps the best rotation on good turnipsoil is, 1. Turnips ; 2. Wheat or barley ; 3. Clover and ryegrass ; 4. 5. Pasture ; 6. Oats, and so round again. On allgood turnip soils, beans and peas are found less profitablecrops than turnips; and the almost universal practice of thebest farmers is, to manage according to a four years’ courseof corn and turnips, and corn and grass. Upon the greaterpart of turnip soils, however, this system cannot be longsupported without injury to the soil; and it is therefore ne-cessary to pasture for one, two, or three years, before plough-ing the grass land for oats, which begin a new course.

Hitherto either fallow or turnips have been uniformly placedfirst in every rotation ; but in some general observationsmeant now to be offered, as applicable to the management ofland, when first taken up from old ley or old pasture, it willbe necessary to arrange the course of crops in their naturalorder. This subject will be more amply discussed in thefollowing Chapter on grass lands; in the interim, the atten-tion of the reader is requested to the following remarks.

In former years not long past, on breaking up grass-land,it was almost universal in Scotland to take several successiveci'ops of white corn, as two or even three successive crops

vol. i. 2 E