OF SCOTLAND.

491

sure, large gangs of young people employed, especially in theeastern part of East Lothian, in cleaning fields of barley andother grain from weeds •, and thinks the practice will rapidlyextend among judicious husbandmen. A few bushels of ad-ditional produce per acre, will amply repay the expenceof weeding. In some cases, where a large crop of annualweeds, such as wild mustard and radish, provincially calledranches, have sprung up early, these weeds will occupy theground to the material injury of the crop. There is no oper-ation in husbandry that will pay better than hand-weeding,if performed early. As soon as the annuals get two roughleaves, the operation ought to commence. The nearer thatagriculture can be brought to resemble horticulture, more es-pecially in the eradication of weeds, within due bounds ofeconomy, so much the more profitable will it become to hus-bandmen and to the community.

§ 4. Kinds. —Of the kinds of barley known to husbandmenthere are two principal species, distinguished by botanists bythe names of hordeum distichon, or two-rowed barley, andhordeum vulgare, or tetrastichon, usually called bear or big,or four-rowed barley. These two species are commonly dis-tinguished in Scotland by the names of barley and bear. Athird species, hordeum hexastichon , or six-rowed barley, is of-ted seen among crops of other kinds, but has not been broughtinto use for separate cultivation, so far as known to the Re-porter. Two-rowed barley, the hordeum distichon of botanists,may be distinguished into two principal divisions, early andlute, or hot-seed and cold-seed; the former ripening in a con-siderably shorter period, is called, in some parts of Scotland ,late seed, as admitting of being sown late ; and the latter, asrequiring to be earlier sown to ensure ripening in a properseason, is sometimes contradistinguished by the name of earlyseed. Of the different varieties of those, and other kinds,some account, derived chiefly from the particular reports ofthe Scotch counties, shall be given.