OF SCOTLAND.

517

vows of the head-lands, gaw-furrows, and cross-cuts, are tohe carefully opened up by the plough or shovel, that no waterioay have any chance of stagnating on the land. The thirdfurrow, either forms the drills, or receives the seeds under fur-row, and belongs to the seed process, therefore will be men-tioned under that subdivision.

Dung is often given to the bean crop, more especially whenit succeeds to wheat. By some, dung is spread on it upon thestubble previous to the winter ploughing. This, however,necessarily implies that the farmer must be provided with asufficient stock to serve for that purpose, and for his fallowbreak. This mode of application, liRewise, can seldom beeffected in a satisfactory manner, on account of the state ofthe land in winter being unfavourable to carting on the ma-nure, unless in frost, when it may lie long exposed to theweather, either in heaps, or spread, much to its disadvan-tage. Laying the manure into the drills is certainly, themost effectual mode of application, and in spring, immediate -ly before the beans are drilled on its surface.

§ 2. Seed process .—It is perhaps inconvenient to dividethis from the preparation, as both are in a great measure con-joined, or a continuation of the same series of operations.There are, as already hinted, two several modes of drillingbeans. In one of these, the lands or ridges are divided bythe plough into hollow drills with intervening ridgelets, orone-bout stitches, at intervals of about twenty-seven inches.When this preferable mode is to be adopted, a previousspring-ploughing is given, as before mentioned, across theridges of the winter-ploughing. If dung is to be given, theseed ought to be first sown, as it is found inconvenient to runthe drill machine afterwards. Then the dung may be drawn 'out from the carts in small heaps in the hollow drills, onerow of heaps serving for three or five drills, and is evenlyspread and equably divided among these drills, as will bem ore minutely described when turnip culture is treated of.