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sown wheat, the seeds are always sown among the growingcrop. When along with spring-sown wheat, oats, or barley,especially when these grains are sown broadcast, the grassseeds are sown immediately afterwards, and covered in by adouble time of the harrows. The field is then water-furrow-ed, if that work is necessary ; after which the water-furrowsare cleared out by the spade and shovel.
The sorts of artificial grasses that are sown, depend partlyon the nature of the soil, and partly upon the intention of thecultivator, in regard to whether he proposes the ley to beonly temporary, or if he means to keep the field in a state ofpermanent pasture, or in pasture for several years.
When the field or break is only intended to remain for oneor two years in grass, and then to be taken up for a course oftillage, the usual mixture of grass seeds for a statute acre ofgood soil, is about half or two-thirds of a bushel of clean andwell dressed rye-grass seed, with ten or twelve pounds of red-clover seed. Sometimes two pounds of white clover, and apound or two of yellow clover, are added to the mixture, inwhich case the quantity of red clover seed is proportionallydiminished. When land is to remain two or more years inpasture, a great allowance of white clover ought to be given ;and indeed the red and the white are often sown in equalquantities.
When the grass is meant to remain for a greater numberof years than two, or for permanent pasture, white clovermust predominate, because red clover generally dies out inthe third year, and often even in the second. On this occa-sion, the mixture may be as follows, one bushel of clean pe-rennial rye-grass seed, eight pounds of white clover, and 6ixpounds of red clover, two pounds of trefoil, with a pound ortwo of narrow leafed plantain, provincially called rib-grass, isoften added to the mixture. In one instance, in laying downa small field for permanent pasture, the reporter added twopounds of perennial red clover, vulgarly called cow-grass, tothe mixture for each acre : but as the crop was closely pas-