196
ON THE LIVE-STOCK
land alone, L. 3 : 3 : 1 T 8 . On 50 acres of clay land, undera six years’ course, the expence is at the rate of L. 1 : 17 : 104 -,—exclusive of the grass division, nearly L. 2 : 5 : 6; and uponthe land in crops of wheat, beans, oats and barley, being 33-n-acres, it is about L. 2. 17 s. per acre. The daily expence, allthe year over, is 5 s. 2-Jd. and when Sundays, and interrup-tions from holidays, and bad weather, at the rate of half a-day in the week, are deducted, the daily expence on 287working days amounts to 6 s. 7 d., for the work of horsesalone. When the wages of the ploughman, the expence ofsupporting ploughs, carts, and other implements, taxes onhorses, road-money, and incidental charges in deliveringgrain, and bringing home lime and fuel, are added to theabove annual charges, each of these sums will be advancedat least 50 per cent . The average cxpence of cultivation,for every acre of grain in these rotations, cannot thereforebe less than L. 4, 10 s.; and it seems not unreasonable tocharge the whole of this against the grain crops; for on anaverage of clay and turnip soils, under the rotations that havebeen mentioned, the value of the clovers and turnips will berequired to meet other charges, such as, for seeds, lime,drains, fences, &c., besides the labour of hay-making andturnip-lioeing. The turnips and clovers of a four years’course, may be worth more; but the clover of a six years’course on clays, will be inadequate. To this L. 4, 10 s., mustbe added, L.2 for seed and harvest work, so that L. 6, 10 s.may probably be very near the sum which every English acreof corn and pulse costs the farmer; and it is only from thesurplus, that the rent of the whole land, taxes, and the profitsof trade, can be defrayed.—But a more particular account ofthe charges against tillage rotations, belongs to a differentdepartment of this Report.
IV. The general management of farm-horses in Scotland may be understood from what has been stated. Each plough-man has the charge of a pair, which he works regularly,whenever the weather will permit, nine hours a-day on strong