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3. There is this important difference between horses andoxen, that the former are capable of great exertions, so indis-pensable in a late spring, and in the variable weather of a pro-tracted harvest, as well as during the sowing of wheat afterfallow and beans. The labour required on turnip-farms inthe months of May and June has been already noticed; andit may be added, that if turnip sowing cannot be completedby the first week in July, the loss is considerable, what issown afterwards being of very little value, seldom half the cropthat the very same kind of land produces, with only an equalquantity of labour and manure,'when sown a week or ten daysearlier. A horse works according as he is fed, and verysoon recovers from the fatigue of a few weeks’ extra exertion;an ox is utterly incapable of such exertion, however he maybe fed, and if pushed beyond his ordinary pace, is rendereduseless for a long time afterwards. The saving of time, evena single week, may secure against a loss so great, that a sumequal to the expences of all the teams on a farm, for a wholeyear, would not reimburse it.
These considerations are sufficient to account for the pre-ference given to the employment of horses, and, upon goodarable land, under the rotations that have been mentioned,for the total exclusion of oxen. There are, however, manyfarms, of which a part only can be cultivated, according to afour or six years’ course 3 these contain a considerable propor-tion of land in pasture, on which cattle and other kinds oflive-stock are either reared or fattened, or both, according toits quality. There is a number of farms of this description,even in the best cultivated counties, where it is found profit-able to breed cattle on such parts as produce coarse, bulkyherbage,—though the extent of land of this kind is daily di-minishing. Besides, farms are sometimes so large, and ofsuch different qualities of soil, that ploughing for grain, forturnip, and for fallow, is continued in regular succession al-most all the year, unless when interrupted by frost. Whenthese two favourable circumstances to the employment of