so
moss ; and the surface of the moss is about 15 feet higher thanthat of the river. On purpose, therefore, to obtain a sufficientdeclivity to enable the canal to deliver the water upon the sur-face of the moss, the cistern into which the water is delivered bythe wheel is 17 feet above the surface of the river. From thecistern the water descends in perpendicular pipes, composed ofwooden barrels hooped with iron, 18 inches diameter inside, andfour feet long. By a continuation of these below ground, thewater is conveyed 3 54 yards below a public road, and across alow field, and then rises through similar pipes to its original highlevel, where it is discharged into an elevated open canal or aque-duct. This canal, constructed on a plan proposed by Mr Whit-worth, is formed entirely of clay, raised for a long way eight orten feet above the level of the surrounding grounds, on a mound40 feet broad at the base, and 18 feet at the summit, the canalor water-course being 10 feet broad. From the extremity of thewater pipes, to a canal formed for its reception on the surface ofthe moss, this aqueduct extends 1400 yards in length. The■water was raised to this great height, that it might retain suf-ficient force or current for transporting the moss to the riverForth ; both where first delivered on the moss, and after beingconveyed to the most distant corners in which its agency mightbe required, and likewise that reservoirs might be constructed ata sufficient elevation on the moss to receive and retain the waterdelivered during the night. In order to make an equitable di-stribution of the water, that which is raised during the day is al-lotted to one division of the moss tenants, and that raised duringthe night to another division. For this latter portion, a canalhas been formed for almost three miles through the centre of themoss, along the sides of which sluices are inserted in proper pla-ces to admit water to reservoirs appropriated to the differenttenants, each sluice having an aperture proportioned to the num-ber of operators to be supplied from the reservoir which it fills.No reservoirs are necessary for the water raised through the day,as it is immediately used by the division to which it belongs.
Though highly beneficial, this additional stream is not morethan sufficient to keep 40 men at constant work. But a quanti-ty sufficient to keep all the operators in constant work is not ne-cessary ; as many of them must be often employed in makingand repairing their drains, grubbing up roots of trees, and otherlabours: So that as much water as is sufficient to give five or sixhours work a day at the moss to all the inhabitants, is all that iswanted. But, as the quantity conveyed by the wheel was stillinsufficient for this purpose, a small rivulet which descends fromthe higher grounds has been brought to the moss in addition.From want of sufficient level, this stream could not be deliveredon the surface of the moss; but by a drain half a mile long inone place, carried over a hollow in troughs upon piers, and by