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carried to much extent, and is at present on the decline. Thequantity of refined, bears but a small proportion to that used inthe raw state in Scotland ; indeed, the Scotch market is chieflysupplied with refined sugar from England.
The process of refining sugar is still conducted at Glasgow ,Greenock, Port-Glasgow, Leith, Edinburgh , and Dundee ; andconsists in boiling the sugar with lime water, adding a little blood,which, together with the impurities, is brought to the surface,and removed by frequent skimming.
A new process for refining sugar has been lately introduced bya Frenchman. The principle on which this process depends isthe same as that discovered by Lord Dundonald in regard to thepurification of salt.
Sugar is now used by all ranks for a variety of purposes, andit forms a valuable material for distillation. Independent of thesugar refined in Scotland for home consumption, great quanti-ties in this state are exported to the continent of Europe , theWest Indies, and America . The value of the sugar consumedin Scotland annually,.including the duty, may amount to aboutone million Sterling.
11. Pottery.
This manufacture may be defined the art of converting parti-cular earths into various compound articles, either for use or or-nament ; and it comprehends the following distinct branches.
1. Bricks and Tiles .—Brick and tile-making is carried on to aconsiderable extent in many parts of Scotland , especially wherethe material is abundant, and fuel easily obtained. Bricks aremade about 9 inches long, 4| broad, and 2i thick, and they aresold for about 28s. per thousand. They are subjected to theheavy excise duty of 5s. lOd. on every thousand. There is aspecies of bricks termed fire brick, from the nature of the clayof which they are made. As they stand extreme heat, they areused for lining furnaces and flues, and are sold at from 41. to 51.per thousand.
Tiles for roofing are made about 13J inches long, 9} broad,and five-eighths of an inch thick. They are liable to a duty of12s. 10d. per thousand. Tiles for pavement, floors of maltkilns, &c. are taxed higher in proportion to their respective sizesthan the common kind.
The duty on bricks and tiles in Scotland for the year endingthe 5th January 1813, amounted to 66511. 17s. lOjd.
2. Earthen-ware, St one-ware, or Porcelain .—Potteries for the ma-nufacture of the coarse sortsof glazed and unglazed brown earth-en ware are pretty numerous in Scotland , but chiefly establish-ed in the coal counties. The mast extensive are those situatedat Borrowstounness, Prestonpans, Stevenston, Cumnock , and i»