324
at all, particular care being taken in properly sizing the warp,before it is put into the loom.
Attempts have heen made to warp and dress the web at thesame time ; but have not been so successful as was wished. In-deed, the process of Warping seems to remain pretty nearly sta-tionary. It has not been thought necessary to ascertain the num-ber of warping-mills for cotton in Scotland , as there are alwaysinore than what are regularly employed; but, when it is knownthat the cotton weavers amount to upwards of 50,000, and thatone mill will on an average warp for 90 weavers, the total warp-ers will run about 555.
The Winding-machine is a very recent improvement in thepotton trade. They are sometimes driven by foot, and sometimesby artificial power. They contain from 20 to 144 spindles each.One female can attend from SO to 48 spindles—on every one ofwhich, there is a bobin, which winds thq yarn from the cape,preparatory to being warped. The cope consists of the yamcoiled up in a conical form, as it comes from the spindle of themule:—some of the winding machines are constructed so as towind hank yarn. The whole of them have generally a long cy-lindrical roller, of 3 or 4 inches diameter, which revolve in atrough filled with weak mucilage. Upon this roller, the yarn, inpassing to the bohins, receives a partial sizing. In a large ma-nufactory, the advantage of this mode of winding is very great;for, besides saving of room, one girl, when employed on copes,can, in some cases, do as much work as a dozen on the commonwheel of one spindle.
Several efforts have been made to introduce the winding-ma-chine on a smaller scale amongst weavers, for filling their quillsor pirns in this speedy manner. A few of these were construct-ed, which answered the purpose pretty well, when properly used;But having been put into the hands of females, perhaps prejudic-ed against them, and little acquainted with mechanical operationsof that qature, and the cost of the machine amounting to severalpounds, they did not succeed.
About a dozen of years ago, a laudable and ingenious attemptwas made in Glasgow , to ayoid the process of quill winding alto-gether, by fixing the cope, as it came from the spinner, into theshuttle, instead of a pirn ; and to avoid the inconvenience arisingfrom the incommodious si?e of the cope, a machine was invented(under patent) for compressing it into small bulk, to answerthe size of the shuttle: But this scheme, though it promised fair
ago
fallen
in some cases, never became general, and has longasleep.
Of tlie manufacture of cotton hosiery in Scotland, Glasgow ' isthe chief seat; though, as was noticed above, the twist of whichthey are made, is almost altogether obtained from England; where,particularly in Nottinghamshire , this.branch of the trade, both m