2316

ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM.

PART III.

high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 10 in., and of the head 34 ft. In Suffolk, at Finborough Hall,60 years planted, it is 90ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2ft 9in., and of the head 50ft. InWorcestershire, at Croome, 40 years planted, it is 35ft. high. — In Scotland. In Banffshire, at GordonCastle, it is 25 ft. high, with a trunk 9 in. in diameter j at Cullen House, 80 years old, it is 77 ft. high,the diameter of the trunk 3 ft. 6 in., and of the head 50 ft In Clackmannanshire, in the garden ofthe Dollar Institution, 10 years planted, it is 12 ft. high. In Forfarshire, at Courtachy Castle,14 years planted, it is 19 ft. high. — In Ireland. At Dublin, in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 35years planted, it is 35 ft. high. In Fermanagh, at Florence Court, 40 years planted, it is 45 ft.high ; at Castle Code, 40 years planted, it is 50 ft. high. In Louth, at Oriel Temple, 56 years planted,it is 56 ft. high.

Commercial Statistics. Plants, in the London nurseries, two-years’ seed-lings, are 20«. per thousand; transplanted plants, 2 ft. high, 25s. per thousand.

1 4. A. (n.) ru'bra Pair. The red Spruce Fir, or Newfoundland red Pine.

Identification. Poir. Diet Encyc. ; Du Roi Harbk., ed. Pott., 2. p. 182.

Synonymes. P. americ&na ritbra Wang. Bcyt., p. 75.; Pinus rhbra Lamb. Pin., 1. t. 38.

Engravings. Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1.1. 38. ; Wang. Beyt., t. 16. f. 54 .; and our fig. 2228.

Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves solitary, awl-shaped, acuminate. Cones oblong,blunt; scales round, somewhat 2-lobed, entire. {Lamb. Pin.) Leaveslittle more than Jin. long; slightly tetragonal. Cones about 1 in. long,and Jin. broad; scales notched. Seeds very small. A large tree, cul-tivated in England before 1755; flowering in May.

Variety. A. («.) r. 2 cceridea, A. caerulea Booth , is a variety or subvariety ofwhich there are young plants in the Flotbeck Nurseries, which were receivedfrom M. Reichenberg of Leipsic, in 1832. It has glaucous leaves, andappears to us to differ from A. (n.) rubra only in the colour of the cones.Description,Sfc. Thered spruce, althoughit is treated as a spe-cies by Mr. Lambert,and by Pursh, Wan-genheim, and others,is considered by Mi-chaux to be merely avariety of A. nigra.

(See p. 2.312.) Ac-cording to Mr. Lam-bert, Wangenheim de-scribes it as a treenot exceeding 30 ft. inheight, with short, awl-shaped, acute leaves, and a reddish brown bark. The cones are rather longerand redder than those of A. nigra, and covered with resin. Mr. Lambertstates that, on examining two parcels of cones obtained from America, hefound those of A. rubra “ longer, larger, more obtuse, of a shining reddishbrown colour; the scales semicircular, each divided by a notch in themiddle, and with their margins entire.” Michaux says that the red spruce isin no way inferior to the black spruce in the quality of its timber, which“ unites in the highest degree all the good qualities that characterise thespecies.” He also states that, instead of being a low tree, it is superior insize to the black spruce, as it generally grows in richer soil; and that thewood is reddish, instead of being white. In Lawson’s Manual , it is statedthat A. rubra differs essentially both from A. nigra and A. alba in all itsparts; and particularly in its leaves, which are more slender and sharper-pointed than in either of these species. {Man., p. 369.) According toWangenheim, it is a native of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, and the morenorthern parts of North America. It was cultivated in England, by Miller,before 1755. The rate of growth is the same as that of A. nigra, fromwhich the trees in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, and at Dropmore,seem scarcely to differ, except in the colour of the cones.

Statistics. In England : in Berkshire, at Bearwood, 14 years planted, it is 30 ft. high : in Yorkshire,at Hackress, 40 years planted, it is 60 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 8 in., and of the head