chap, cxiii.

CONl'FER.*. CUPRE'SSUS.

2477

as they are larger, and free from the defect of splitting when nailed upon therafters. The houses of Philadelphia, Baltimore, and New York are coveredwith them; and large quantities are exported to the West Indies. Theshingles of the white cedar are much more durable and secure from wormsthan those of the white pine, generally lasting from 30 to 35 years. Thewood is also considered well adapted for joinery and for household utensils.In Philadelphia, there is a distinct class of mechanics, called cedar coopers,who make pails, wash-tubs, churns, &c., of the wood of this tree, for boththe domestic and the foreign markets. These utensils are held togetherwith hoops made of young cedars stripped of their bark, and split down themiddle. In some places, the sides of fishing-boats are covered with whitecedar clap-boards, which are preferred to those of the deciduous cypress, asbeing lighter, more durable, and less liable to split. The wood makes excel-lent sounding-boards for pianofortes; and casks formed of it are found betterthan any others for preserving oils. The young wood makes an excellentcharcoal for gunpowder; and the smoke of the seasoned wood affords a beau-tiful lampblack, which weighs less, and is more intensely coloured, than thatobtained from any species of pine. When employed as fence-wood, the railsof young trees, either entire, or split down the middle, and deprived of theirbark, last from 50 to 60 years. In England, the white cedar is only plantedas an ornamental shrub or low tree ; in Scotland, it is rather tender; and inthe climate of Paris is rare, seldom rising above 5 ft. or 6 ft. high, and re-quiring protection during winter. In German)’, it is a green-house plant.

Propagation and Culture. Cones are sometimes imported, and the seedsmay be sown early in spring, and treated in all respects like those of Cupres-sus sempervirens : it may also be propagated by cuttings; and, in the Londonnurseries, it is sometimes raised by layers. It would probably attain a muchlarger size than it generally does in England, if planted in a moist soil, moreanalogous to that in which it is found in its native habitats; at the sametime, as our summers are far from being so warm as those of Maryland andVirginia, it is not likely that it would succeed in swamps in England so wellas it does in those countries; because the average of cold and moisture andwarmth must necessarily be materially different. In deep sandy soils, as isproved by the tree at Pain’s Hill, it not only grows luxuriantly, but ripens itswood, which it would probably not do in Britain, if grown in a swamp. Priceof plants, in the London nurseries, 5s. each ; at Bollwyller, 1 franc 50 cents;and at New York, 25 cents.

* 3. C. lusita'nica Tourn. The Cedar of Goa, or Portuguese Cypress.

Identification. Tourn., 587.; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 511.; Mill. Diet, No. 3.; Du Ham. Arb., 1.

p. 198.; Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 1. t. 65.; Laws. Man., p. 391.; Lodd. Cat, ed. 1836.

Synonymes. C. glatica Brot. Fl. Lus., 1. p. 216., Lam. Encyc., 2. p. 243.; C. pendula L' Her it. Stirp.Nov., p. 15., Hort. Kew., 3. p. [373., N. Du Ham., 3. p. 7., Bon Jard ., ed. 1837, p. 970.; Cedarof Bussaco. C. pendula Thunb., Lamb. Pin., ed. 2., 2. t. 66., is supposed to be a different plant.Engravings. L’Herit Stirp. Nov., t. 8.; Lamb. Pin., t 65.; N. Du Ham, 3. t. 3.; our Jig. 2328. ;and the plate of this tree in our last Volume.

Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches flexuose, spreading; branchlets quadrangular.

Leaves imbricated in 4 rows, acute, keeled, glaucous, adpressed. (Lamb.

Pin.) A tree; a native of Goa, in the East Indies. Said to have been

introduced in 1683.

Description, fyc. A branchy tree, attaining, in its native country and inPortugal, the height of 50 ft. and upwards : branchlets scattered, irregular,flexuose, and spreading: branchlets incurved, very numerous; quadrangularwhen young, thickly covered with leaves; roundish when old. Leaves scale-like, somewhat stem-clasping; broad at the base, attenuated upwards,awl-shaped, remaining on very long; when young, imbricated in 4 rows,glaucous, marked on the back lengthwise with a concave resinous gland;when old, somewhat distant, scarcely imbricated, rigid afterwards, witheredand brownish. Male catkins numerous, ovate, obtusely 8-angled, terminal,solitary, yellowish, 2 lines long; scales about 20, convexo-concave, yellow,greenish externally at the apex. Female catkins solitary, surrounded by the