CHAP. Cl

UXMA'CEAi. PLA NERa?.

1409

wahoo elm is found only in the lower part of Virginia, in themaritime districts of the Carolinas and Georgia, in WestTennessee, and in some parts of Kentucky. It is generallyfound on the banks of rivers, and in the great swamps en-closed in the pine barrens. The wood is fine-grained, morecompact, heavier, and stronger than that of U. americana.

The heart-wood is of a dull chocolate colour, and alwaysbears a great proportion to the sap-wood. At Charleston,and some other parts of the southern states, it is used forthe naves of coach wheels; but Michaux says that it is notappropriated to any other use. There are small plants inMessrs. Loddiges’s collection, which, from the leaves, mightbe taken for those of U. (c.) suberosa; and the engravingin Michaux, from which Jig. 1248. is reduced to our usualscale, closely resembles the young shoots and leaves of that tree ofsuberosa in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, of which a plate isour last Volume.

1248

V. (c.)given in

App. i. Doubtful Sorts of XJ'lnms.

This genus, as observed by I*rofessor Lindley (Synops., p. 227-)» is in such a state of confusion, that itis impossible to determine what plants are meant by various names extant in botanical works. U. pu-bescens Walt, and V.fruticdsa Willd. are of this description. In p. 174., U. integrifblia and U. virgataare mentioned as Himalayan species, probably hardy or half-hardy. In Hoyle’s Must., p. 339., U.lancifdlia, U. erdsa, which resembles U. effusa, U. lecvigata, and U. virgata, are mentioned as nativesof the Himalayas and other parts of India, and some of them of China. A plant named U. canadensis,in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, has a smooth bark, like U. montana, and appears to be nothingmore than that species. The Wormley Grange, or Byford, elm, and the black elm of Ireland, aresaid by Dr. Lindley to be probably other species to arid to the British flora. Sir J. E. Smith considersthe Hertfordshire elm as U. montana ; but Dr. Lindley says that it “ is probably a variety of U. cam-pestris.” Notwithstanding the utmost attention that we have been able to give to this subject, andthe communication of specimens from all parts of the country, we have by no means been able todraw up this article in a manner perfectly satisfactory to ourselves. Specimens, except in caseswhere they have been gathered from trees by ourselves, and, therefore, serve to remind us of the ge-neral appearance and habit of the tree whence they have been taken, we have found in this, as in manyother cases, to be of comparatively little use. The genus, as Dr. Lindley has observed, must bestudied during a period of several years, from living plants. An ulmarium, though it would notexhibit so much grandeur as a pinetum, so much beauty as an ericetum, nor so much blossom inearly spring as a salictum, would be incomparably more useful; provided proper space were allowedto admit of every tree attaining its natural size and shape, and that, after ten or twelve years,* aspecimen of «very tree were cut down, and the wood examined.

Genus II.

PLA'NERaI Gmd. The Planera. Lin. Syst. Folygamia Monce'cia; orTetr-Pent-anclria Digynia.

Identification. Gmel. Syst. Nat., 2. p. ?150.; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. p. 100.; N. Du Ham., 7.

p. 65.; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 106.; Lindley Nat. Syst. ofBot., p. 179.

Synonymes/ /^hkmtuis Pall., Guldenst.; f/'lmus, various authors, as to the Planera Richkrd?.Derivation. Named in honour of Planer , professor of botany at Erfurth, who published, in 1788,a work entitled Index Plantarum Agri Erfordiensis , in one volume 8vo.

Description, Deciduous trees and shrubs, natives of Western Asia, andNorth America; quite hardy in British gardens, and readily propagated bygrafting on the elm, or by layers, in any common soil.

i 1. P. Richa'rd/ Michx. Richard’s Planera, or Zelkoua Tree.

Identification. Michx. FI. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 24S.; Bieb. FI. Taur. Cauc. Suppi., 1. p. 187. j Roem. etSchult, Syst. Veg., 6. p. 304.; Desf. Hist, des Arbres et Arbriss., 2. p. 446.

Synonymc.s. P. crenkta Michx. Mem. sur le Zelkoua ; P. carpinifblia Wats. Dend. Brit. , t. 106.;P. crenata Desf. ; flhkmnus carpinifblius Pall. FI. Ross.; It. wlmoides GUldenst. It., 1. p. 313. and427.; f/lmus crenkta Hort. Par., U. parvifbiia Willd. Baum.’, U. campestris Walt. FI. Carol.,p. iii. ; U. pol^gama Richard Act. Paris, 1781; U. nemorklis Ait. Hort, Ke tu.,ed. 2., p. 108.; U.loliis crenatis basi squalibus, fructu ovoideo, non compresso, Poiret Encyc. Meth iv. p. 611.; leZelkoua, or Orme de Siblrie, Fr. ; Richard’s Planere, Get.

Engravings. Pall. FI. Ross., 1. t. 60. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 106.; our fig. 1249.; and the plates ofthe tree in our last Volume.

Spec. Char., Sfc. Flowers solitary in the axils of leaves; and both flowers and

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