CHAP. CI1I.

SALICA'CEjE. po pulus,

1655

producing a sort of galls, or protuberances, of various shapes and sizes, onits leaves and branches, which have been usually mistaken for the lodgmentsof worms hatched from the eggs of an ichneumon fly : but they are, in reality,produced from the operations of a viviparous species of A'phis(A. populi), forthe bringing up of its offspring. These galls are of the bladder kind, beingusually skinned over, and more or less hollow within, not woody, as thoseof the oak, &c. They proceed from different parts of the plant, some fromthe petioles of the leaves, and many from the young shoots : they are veryvarious in figure, some being roundish, others oblong, others crooked andcontorted in various directions, and some of them are in the figure of horns,like those of Pistacia Terebinthus (p. 547.), and of the same origin. ( Rees’sCyclopedia.) Credo yjopitlina Pers., a kind of hypodermous fungus, has beenfound on the leaves of this species.

Statistics _ Recorded Trees. Evelyn mentions some stately and straight black poplars in Cheshire,

that yielded boards and planks “ by some preferred to oak for their whiteness and lasting, wherethey lie dry.” At Alloa House, in Clackmannanshire, a tree, between 3 ft., and 4 ft. from the ground,girted 13ft. or 14ft.; and at Southfield, in Fife, one about twenty years old, in 1819, measured 7 ft.1 in. in girt (Sang.) A tree in the garden of Arquebuse, at Dijon, measured, in 1810, 21 ft. in cir-cumference at 5ft. from the ground. It had an ample head ; and, though the trunk was ulceratedin several places, it appeared as if it would live for many years, though it was then of great age.The same tree, measured in 1836, by L. W. Dillwyn, Esq., exceeded 20 ft. in circumference, at 4ft.from the ground.

Existing Trees. In England, in the environs of London, at Ham House, Essex, it is 74 ft. high,diameter of trunk 2 ft. 9 in., and of the head 58 ft.; in the grounds of Lambeth Palace, between 70 ft.and 80 ft. high, and in vigorous growth, though surrounded by smoke to such an extent as to injuremost of the other trees in the garden. In the Isle of Wight, in Wilkins’s Nursery, Newport, 10years planted, it is 25 ft. high. In the Isle of Jersey, in Saunders’s Nursery, 10 years planted,it is 20 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 6 in., and that of the head 12 ft. In Wiltshire, at WardourCastle, 50 years old, it is 70 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk5 ft., and of the head 99 ft. j in Cheshire, at Kinmel Park, itis 6u ft. high, diameter of the trunk 4 ft., and of the head 45 ft.;in Herefordshire, at Eastnor Castle, 20 years planted, it is 60 ft.high ; in Nottinghamshire, at Clumber Park, it is 78 ft. high ;the diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 3 in., and of the head 39 ft.; inPembrokeshire, at Stackpole Court, 30 years planted, it is 70 fthigh; in Radnorshire, at Maeslaugh Castle, 65ft. high; thediameter of the trunk 4 ft., and of the head 76 ft. ; in Suffolk,at Bury St. Edmunds, near the old bridge over the river Lark,is 90 ft. high, and the diameter of the trunk is 5 ft., “ a nobleand healthy tree” (see 1514. to a scale of 50ft. to lin.,copied from Strutt’s Sylva) ; in Worcestershire, at Hagley, 9years planted, it is 23 ft. high. In Scotland, in Kirkcudbright-shire, at St. Mary’s Isle, it is 75 ft. high, the diameter of thetrunk 3| ft., and of the head 40 ft.; in Haddingtonshire, atTynningham, it is 62 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2$ ft.,and of the head 27 ft. ; in Ross-shire, at Brahan Castle, it is24 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and of the head30 ft. In Ireland, in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 35 yearsplanted, it is 50 ft. high. In France, at Toulon, in the BotanicGarden, 30 years planted, it is 50 ft. high, with a trunk 2 ft.in diameter; at Avranches, in the Botanic Garden, 40 yearsplanted, it is 40 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and ofthe head 20 ft. In Austria, at Vienna, in the Laxenburg - . .

Garden, 40 years old, it is 30 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 1514

14 in., and of the head 12 ft. In Bavaria, at Munich, in the English Garden,50 years old, it is 36 ft.high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and the head 14 ft. In Sweden, at Lund, in the Botanic Garden,it is 72 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 21 in., and of the head 12 ft. In Italy, in Lombardy, atMonza, 30 years old, it is 80 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2£ ft., and the diameter of head 40 ft.

i 8. P. (n.) canade'nsis Michx. The Canadian Poplar.

Identification. Michx. Arb., 3. p. 298.,; N. Amer. Syl., 2. p. 227.

Synonymes. P. lavigita IVilld. Sp. PI., 4. p. 803., Pursh FI. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 619., Spreng. Syst. Veg. t2. p. 244., but not - of Hort. Kew.; P. monilifera Hort. Par., Nouv. Cours, &c.; Cotton-wood,Michx .; Peuplier de Canada, Fr. in Nouv. Cours d'Agri., edit. 1822, tom xi. p. 407.

The Sexes. Willdenow has noted that he had seen the male living ; Bose says that only the femaleis in France.

Engravings. Mich. Arb., 3. t. 11.; North Amer. Syl., 2. t. 95. j and ouxJig. 1515.

Spec. Char., Sfc. Young branch angled. Petiole compressed. Disk of leafroundish ovate, deltoid, acuminate, subcordate at the base, where there areglands, serrated with unequal teeth, glabrous. (Pursh.) The branches areangular, and the angles form whitish lines, which persist even in the adultage of the tree. The trunk is furrowed, even in old age; less so than thatof P. angulata, more so than that of P. monilifera. The young buds aregummy. The catkins of the female are from 6 in. to 8 in. long. (M. de Fou-cault; and Michx. in N. Amer. Syl.) It is found wild in North America, in