CHAP. CV.

coryla'cea:. que'rcus.

1821

and found their necks full of troublesome tumours; whilst he himself sufferedfor several days from having handled them. In these respects, they are verysimilar to the celebrated Pityocampa of the ancients, and which is the cater-pillar of another species of this genus, which feeds upon the fir. *Poecilo-campa populi, *Hypogymna dispar (the gipsy moth), *Psilura monacha(the black arches), *Dasychira fascelina (the dark tussock), *Psych<? fusca,and j-Limacodes Pestudo. Amongst the Lithosiidee, *Callimorpha miniata,*Lithosia compliina (the common footman), *L. quadra (the four-spottedfootman), *Gnophria rubricollis.

Amongst the N octuidce, * Semiophora gothica, t Orthosi» instabilis, *().gracilis, *0. munda, #0. cruda, *G. stabilis, *Glae'a satellitia, -);Amphipyrapyramidea, f Xylina rhizolitha, *X. petrificata, *Miselia aprilina (the beau-tiful marvel dujour moth), j- Polia seladonia, *Apatela aceris, -f-DiphtheraOrion, *D. ludifica (British ?) -(-Ceropacha diluta, -(-C. ridens, fCymatophoraO'o, *Cosmia trapezina, j-Xanthia croceago, and -(X. ruflna, -(-Catephialeucdmelas, * Catocala fraxini (the great blue under-wing moth, similar toC. elocata, p. 1484. fig. 1293., but 4 in. in expanse, and having the groundof the under wings blue instead of red), f Catocala pacta, f C. spdnsa,and f C. promissa, three very beautiful, but small, species of this genus, witlithe ground colour of the under wings scarlet), and *Brcpha ndtha.

Amongst the Geometridce are, -f- Anisopteryx leucophearia, *Hybernia capreo-laria and *H. defoliiiria (which are occasionally very destructive in oak copses),

* Phigalia pilosaria, “ Blston prodronuirius (the great oak beauty), * B. betu-larius (the peppered moth), * Himera pennaria, * Crocalis elinguiirfa, severalspecies of thorn moths (several of which are figured in all their states, andin a most admirable manner, by M. Lyonnet, in his Posthumous Memoirs,recently published), including j" Geometra quercinaria, f G. quercaria, f G.angularia, *G. illunaria, * G. illustraria, &c.; -j-Cleora bajularia, Cleora cinc-taria. (See Mag. Nat. Hist., v. p. 265.) * Adcis roboraria, A'lcis consonaria,and A. consortaria ( Lyonnet Mem. Posth., pi. 29. f. 20—27.), f E^hyrapunctiiria, * Eurymenc dolabraria. Amongst the Platyptericidee, PyrdlidtE,Torlriadce, Tineidee, and other remaining lepidopterous families, composedof insects of small size, a vast number of species are oak feeders, including

* Drepana falcataria, fD. hamula, #Pechipdgon barbalis, *Hyl6phila prasinana(Reaumur Mem., tom. ii. pi. 39. f. 13, 14.), * H. quercana, f Lozotse'nia robo-rana, -j- Pseudotomia atromargana, * Roxana arcuana, Phibalocera quercana,f Phyclta roborella, Adela Geerelha {Lyonnet Mem. Posth., pi. 19. f. 17—25.;Pinea sequella {Id., pi. 19. f. 26.), the cocoon of which is an exceedinglyinteresting geometrical construction, described in detail by Lyonnet.

Amongst the 'Leaf-feeding Species, the majority are external feeders, neitherconcealing themselves in cases, nor rolling themselves up in leaves; but some,especially amongst the smaller species, do not agree with these in their habits,and adopt various methods of defence, which render an examination of thedifferent inhabitants of this tree an object of the greatest interest. Of thesesome roll up several leaves into a ball of considerable size ( Reaum. Mem., tom. i.pi. 15. f. 3., and pi. 32. f. 4, 5.), which latter represents the habitations ofthe scarlet under-wing moths above mentioned ; others, again, construct theirboat-shaped cocoons of strips of oak leaves {Ibid., pi. 38. fig. 7.); others,again, roll up the leaves in various directions (as Portrix viridana, above men-tioned, p. 1818.; Reaum., tom. ii. pi. 13, 14, 15, 16.); others feed upon theparenchyma of the leaf, raising, as it were, large circular blisters, the upperand under surfaces of the leaf remaining unconsumed. {Reaum., ton\. iii. pi. 3.)Some form tortuous labyrinths within the leaf, similar to those of the rose-leaf miners; and some live in little cases of leaves, or silk, which they carryabout with them. {Reaum., tom. iii. pi. 7.)

Amongst the Coleopterous Insects, the common cockchafer (iScarabas'usilLelolontha Lira.,-d/elolontha vulgaris Fab., fig. 1648. a), is the most obnoxiousof the leaf-eating species. The egg of this terrible devastator is white, and isdeposited in the ground, where it soon changes into a soft whitish grub with