CHAP. CV.

CORYI.A'cEiE. QUE'ltCUS.

1879

that time it has, perhaps, been more generally planted than any other of theAmerican oaks, though full-grown specimens of it are not very numerous.The largest which we know of near London, is at Syon, where it is 57 ft.high; and the largest in England is at Strathfieldsaye, where it is 100 ft. high.Several trees in the neighbourhood of London, and particularly one at Purser’sCross which is upwards of 40 ft. high, ripen acorns, from which young plantshave been raised. The wood is so coarse and porous as to be of scarcely anyuse in the arts. It is, however, employed in America for the staves of flour andsugar casks, or to containany kind of dry goods. Thebark contains a large pro-portion of tannin, and isvery extensively used bytanners in the UnitedStates. The acorns arevoraciously eaten by wildanimals, and also by thecows, horses, and swine thatare allowed to range in thewoods after the herbage hasperished. Papilio (Theda)

Favonius Abb. and Smith, t.

14., and our fig. 1745., thebrown hair-streak butterfly,feeds on the leaves of thisspecies.

Statistics. In the environs of London, at Syon, it is 57 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 2 ft.,and of the head 55 ft.; in the Fulham Nursery, and at Purser’s Cross, it is 40 ft high. There arevarious other trees of nearly similar dimensions; but as, from the description sent to us, we havebeen unable to determine whether the tree belongs to Q. rilbra or Q. coccinea, we have notinserted them under the statistics of either species. In Hampshire, at Strathfieldsaye, it is above100 ft. high, with a trunk 3 ft. 6 in. in diameter; it grows in a deep rich loam, on the flat bank ofthe river Loddon : in Wiltshire, at Longleat, 70 years planted, it is 50 ft. high ; the diameter of thetrunk 2 ft. 2 in., and of the head 54 ft. : in Radnorshire, at Maeslaugh Castle, 44 ft. high ; thediameter of the trunk 3 ft., and of the head 45 ft. In Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at Gordon Castle,20 ft. high, with a trunk 6 in. in diameter. In Ireland, at Castletown, 30 ft. high, the diameter ofthe head 38 ft.; in Fermanagh, at Florence Court, 30 years planted, it is 32 ft. high, the diameterof the head SO ft. In France, at Rambouillet and other places, are many fine trees, varyingfrom 40 ft to 60 ft. in height, both of Q. rhbra and Q. coccinea. (See Gard. Mag.> vol. xi. p. 42.)Bose mentions a superb tree at the Petit Trianon, of which, however, we have not been able toprocure the dimensions. In Brittany, at Barres, 14 years planted, it is 14ft. high; near Nantes,90 years old, it is 40 ft. high, with a trunk 4 ft. in diameter. In Saxony, at Worlitz, 60 years old,it is 50 ft. high, with a trunk 2 ft. 6 in. in diameter. In Austria, at Vienna, at Laxenburg, 26 yearsold, it is 25 ft. high; diameter of the trunk 10 in., and of the head 18 ft. In Prussia, at Berlin, inthe Botanic Garden, 50 years old, it is 60ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 3 ft., and of the head28 ft. In Italy, in Lombardy, at Monza, 24 years planted, it is 50 ft. high; the diameter of the trunk6 in., and of the head 24 ft.

Y 15. Q. cocci'nea Willd. The scarlet Oak.

Identification. Wang. Forst., p. 44.; Michx. FI. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 199. ; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. 446.;Ait. Hort. Kevv., 5. p. 292.; Pursh FI. Amer. Sept., 2. p. 630.; Michx. Quer., No. 18.; N. Du Ham.,7. p. 171.; Smith in Rees’s Cycl., No. 61.

Synonyme. Q. rilbra 0 Ait.> ed. 1., 3. p. 357.

Engravings. Wang. Forst., t. 9.; Michx. Quer., t. 31, 32.; N. Amer. Syl., 1. t. 25.; our jigs. 1746,1747, and 1748.; and the plate of this tree in our last Volume.

Spec. Char. Src. Leaves smooth, oblong, deeply and widely sinuated, on longstalks; lobes divaricated, acute, sharply toothed, bristle-pointed. Calyx ofthe fruit turbinate, half as long as the nut. ( Willd.) A tree, 80 ft. high.Introduced in 1691.

Description, Sfc. The scarlet oak is, in America, a tree of more than 80 ft.high, with a trunk 3 ft. or 4 ft. in diameter. The tree is of a more rigid habitof growth than Q. rubra, the branches of which are very flexible. The barkis dark-coloured, entire, and very thick; and the wood is reddish and coarse-grained, with very open pores. The leaves, which have long petioles, areof a beautiful green, shining on both sides ; and, on old trees, laciniated ina very remarkable manner, having usually four deep sinuses on each side, verybroad at bottom. The leaves begin to change with the first cold, and, after