CHAP. CV.

coryla'cea;. que'rcus.

1887

weight of alum : to dye silk, the proportion is 1 lb. of the quercitron to 12 lb. ofsilk. The quercitron is chiefly exported from Philadelphia. According toM‘Culloch, the average quantity imported for three years, ending in 1831, was25,015 cwt. a year; and the price of this varied, according to the quality, from12s. 6 d. to 15s. per cwt., including Is. each for duty. Dr. Bancroft first dis-covered and applied the dyeing properties of the quercitron; and he obtaineda patent for his invention in 1775 ; but, the American war breaking out soonafter, he reaped little profit from his discovery, though it has been of greatadvantage to the arts and manufactures of both England and America. (Com.Diet., art. Bark.)

Statistics. In England, in the environs of London, the largest plant we know of is at Messrs. Lod-diges’s, where there is a tree 20 ft. high, of which a portrait is given in outlast Volume. In Stafford-shire, at Trentham, 26 years planted, it is 24 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 8 in., and of thehead 10 ft.; in Worcestershire, at Croome, 40 years planted, it is 45 ft. high, the diameter of thetrunk 20 in., and of the head 40 ft. In the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, 10 years planted, it is 10 fthigh. In France, in Brittany, at Barres, 8 years planted, it is 12 ft. high. In Austria, at Briick onthe Leytha, 30 years old, it is 12ft. high. In Italy, in Lombardy, at Monza, 6 years planted, it is10 ft. high.

X 19. Q. palu'stris Willd. The Marsh, or Pin, Oak.

Identification. Du Roi Harbk., 2., t. 5. f. 4.; Wang. Amer., t. 5. f. 10.; Michx. Quer., No. 19.:Arb.j 2. p. 123. t. 25.; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 446. • Ait. Hort. Kew., 5. p. 192.; Pursh FI. Amer.Sept, 2. p. 631.; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 172. ; Smith in Rees’s Cycl., No. 63.; Lodd, Cat., ed. 1836.Synonymes. Q. montftna Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; Q. Banister/ Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836.

Engravings. Michx. Quer., t. 33, 34.; N. Amer. Syl., 1. t. 27.; out figs. 1758. and 1759.; and theplate of this tree in our last Volume.

Spec. Char., Sfc. Leaves smooth, oblong, deeply and widely sinuated, on longstalks; lobes distant, parallel, acute, sharply toothed, bristle-pointed ; forksof the veins densely woolly beneath. Calyx of the fruit flattened; nutnearly globose. (Willd.) A tree, 80ft. high. Introduced in 1800.Description, 4'C-The pin oak, accord-ing to the youngerMichaux, is a talltree, rising, in marshyground, to the heightof 80 ft., with a trunk3 ft. or 4 ft. in diame-ter. “ Its secondary-branches are moreslender and numerousthan is common on solarge a tree, and areintermingled, so as togive it,at adistance,theappearance of beingfull of pins. This sin-gular disposition ren-ders it distinguishableat first sight in winter,and, is perhaps, thecause of its being call-ed the pin oak.” (N.

Amer. Syl., i. p. 101.)

Thetree,when young,assumes an agreeable pyramidal shape; and its far-extending droopingbranches, and light and elegant foliage, render it, in our opinion, the mostgraceful of all oaks. The bark on the oldest trees of Q. palustris is scarcelyever cracked: on young trees it is perfectly smooth. The wood is coarse-grained, and resembles that of the red oak. In the climate of London, thetree is remarkably hardy-; and its rate of growth is much more rapid than thatof every other American oak, with the single exception of Q. ambigua. This may

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