CHAP. CV.

coryla'cete. que'rcus.

1911

gives it that red hue for which it has been so long celebrated; and which is ofso very permanent a nature, that, according to M'Culloch ( Diet., art. Kermes),the old tapestries of Brussels, and other parts of Flanders, although manu-factured more than a couple of centuries, have lost none of their richness oftint. Beckmann has introduced in the account of this production given in hisHistory of Inventions, vol. i. p. 171—191., first edit, trans., all that was knownof it in his time. Since the discovery of America, the Coccus cacti (or co-chineal) has, however, in a great degree supplanted the Coccus ilicis. Mr.M'Culloch erroneously states that the kermes is of the same species as thetrue Mexican cochineal. The kermes, nevertheless, is still extensively pre-pared in some parts of Spain, India, and Persia; and Dr. Bancroft {On Per-manent Colours, i. 303—409.) states that, with the solution of tin, which isused with the cochineal, the kermes is capable of imparting a scarlet quite asbrilliant as that dye; and perhaps more permanent. At the same time,however, as 10 or 12 pounds contain only as much colouring matter as oneof cochineal, the latter, at its ordinary price, is the cheaper. — J. 0. IV.

t « 33. Q . pseu'do-cocci'fera Hesf. The false berry-bearing Kermes, or Oak.

Identification. Desf. Atl., 2. p. 349.; Willd. Sp. PI.. 4. p. 432.; N. Du Ham., 7. p. 160.; Smith inRees’s Cycl., No. 35.

Synonymes . Chene h faux Kermes, Fr. ; Stechernde Eiche, Ger.

Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 48. f. 1.; and our Jig. 1794.

Spec. Char.i fyc. Leaves elliptic-oblong, rigid, smooth on both sides, with spiny serra-tures. Nut ovate. Calyx with flat slightly spreading scales. (De$f.) “ Observed by

Desfontaines at Algiers and about Mount Atlas. At Tunis it is called the “ meal-bearing oak,” probably from the use of the acorns as food. It forms a tree from 15 ft.to 20 ft. high, with round branches, clothed with rusty down when young. The leavesare twice or thrice as long as those of Q. coccifera, thicker, and less wavy, with muchsmaller and shorter spinous serratures, rather than teeth. Calyx clothed with nume-rous, flat, short, slightly spreading scales. Nut ovate, pointed. In the Nouveau DuHamel, it is supposed to be a native of Provence, as well as of Algiers. From theengraving in that work, of which fig. 1794. is a reduced copy, it appears to be interme-diate between Q. I ' lex and Q. coccifera. A plant bearing this name in 1837, in theHorticultural Society’s Garden, is considered by Dr. Lindley as a different species. 1<94(See App. i.)

1 34. Q. Su'ber L. The Cork Tree.

Identification. Lin. Sp. PL, 1413.} Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p.433.; Ait. Hort. Kew, 5. p.289.} N. DuHam., 7. p. 159.} Smith in Rees’s Cycl., No. 33. »

Synonymes. Suber Cam. Epit. f 115.: S. Prinus Matth. Valgr., 1. p. 127.} S. latifblium, &c., Du Ham .Arh.y 2. p. 291., Ger. Lmac., 1347.; Chene Lifege, Fr, ; Kork Eiche, Ger. } Alcornoque, Span.

Engravings. Hunt. Evel. Syl., t. in p. 362.} N. Du Ham., 7. t. 45.} Dend. Brit., t. 89. ; our

Jigs. 1797. and 1798.} and the plate of this tree in our last Volume.

Spec. Char., fyc. Leaves ovate-oblong, bluntish, coriaceous; entire, orsharply serrated; downy beneath. Bark cracked, fungous. {Willd.) Atree, growing to the height of 20 ft. or 30 ft. in the south of Europe andnorth of Africa; well known as being the only tree producing that impor-tant article, cork, in sufficient quantities for commerce. It was introducedin or before 1699, by the Duchess of Beaufort; and, being readily pro-pagated by acorns, which are received from France and Spain, and some-times ripened in England, it is not unfrequent in collections; and, in somegardens, it forms a very handsome tree.

Varieties. These, we have no doubt, are as numerous as the varieties of Q.P lex, in countries where the tree is indigenous. None are in cultivationin British gardens under any particular name : but their leaves, in differentplaces, the cork trees having been all raised from seed, will be found to varyin magnitude, in length relatively to breadth, and in the character of theirmargins, which are either wavy, serrate, or dentate, The most strikingvariety which we have seen is at Muswell Hill, and is represented at Jig.1796. of the natural size ; Jig. 1795. representing a specimen of the species,also from a tree at Muswell Hill. This variety differs so remarkably fromthe species, that some consider it as Q. Pseudo-Siiber : but that species,according to Bose, the Kouveau Hu Hamel, and the plants in the Horticul-tural Society’s Garden and at Messrs. Loddiges’s, is decidedly deciduous ;and, in its buds and mossy cups, has more the character of Q. Cerris than ofQ. Suber. We acknowledge, however, that the leaves of the plant at