CHAP. CV.

CORYLA'CEili. Co'uYLUS.

2017

* 1. C. /Ivei.la'na L. The common Hazel Nut.

Identification. Hort. Cliff!, 448.; FI. Suec., 787. 873.; Mat. Med., 204.; Hort. Ups., 286.: RoyLugdb., 81.; Dalib. Paris., 294.; Gmel. Sib., 1. p. 150.; Mill. Diet., No. 1. ; Scop. Cam,, No. 1192.:Du Roy Harbk., 1. p. 173.; Gmel. Ib., 1. No. 66.; Pollich Pall*, No. 912.; Blackw., t. 293.; Kniph.Cent., 1. No. 19.; Hoffin. Germ., 339.; Roth Germ., 1. p.

409., 2. p.490.; Willd. Sp. PL, 4. p. 470. ; Eng. Flor., 4.p. 157.; Eng. Bot, t. 723.; Brit FI., 1. p. 410.; Hook. Br.

FI., p. 405.; Mackay FI. Hibern., p. 256.; Lindl. Synop.,p. 240.; N. Du Ham., 4. p. 19.; Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836.

Engravings. Blackw., t. 293.; Eng. Bot., t. 723.; N. DuHam., 4. t. 5.; and our fig. 1941., in which a is a sprig inblossom; 5, one in fruit; c, the nut without its calyx; andd, the kernel

Synonymcs. Coudrier Noisetier, Fr. ; Hasclstrauch, Nuss-baum, Ger. ; Avellano, Nocciolo, Ital. : Avellano, Span.

Derivation, ^vell&na is derived from Avellino, see p. 2020.

Hazel is from the Anglo-Saxon word htesil t which signifies Ha head-dress. Noisette signifies a small nut; and Nuss-baum, a nut tree.

Spec.Char.,Sfc. Stipules oblong-obtuse. Leavesroundish, cordate, pointed. Involucre ofthe fruit campanulate, rather spreading, tornat the margin. (Willd.) A shrub or lowtree; a native of Europe and the east andwest of Asia; growing to the height of 20 ft.and upwards; but commonly found in thecharacter of a bush, as undergrowth in 4woods, especially of the oak.

Varieties. These are numerous; and they may be divided into two classes ;viz., botanical or ornamental varieties, and those cultivated for their fruit.

A. Botanical Varieties.

s C. A. 1 sylvestris Ait. Hort. Kew., v. p. 303.; C. Avellana SvcnskBot., t. 139., Eng. Bot., t. 723.; C. sylvestris Bank. Pin., 418., Bay,439., Willd. Abbild., t. 151., and our Jig. 1941. The common HazelNut, in a wild state.

at C. A. 2 pumilus-, C. pumilus Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; is rather dwarferthan the species.

at C. A. 3 heterophylla ; C. heterophylla Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; C. laci-niiita Hort.-, C. articifolia Hort .; the various, or nettle, leaved, Hazel;has the leaves variously cut, and thickly covered with hairs.

at C. A. 4 purpurea; C. purpurea Lodd. Cat., ed. 1836; C. atro-pur-purea Hort. ; has the leaves of a dark red or purple, and is a verystriking variety. If grafted standard high on C. Colurna, this wouldmake a most singular and beautiful small tree.

B. Varieties cultivated for their Fruit.

The cultivated hazels are of two kinds; viz., nuts and filberts. Theformer are distinguished by the shortness of their calyxes, or husks, andthe latter by their length ; but, in consequence of the numerous crossesbetween these two classes of varieties, the distinction can scarcely nowbe kept up. The term filbert, is supposed, according to some, to be acorruption of full beard, alluding to the husk; but the old English poetGower assigns the name a different and more poetical origin; which isrendered plausible by the fact of the old English name being philberd.

— “ PhillisWas shape into a nutte tree,

That all men it might see :

And after Phillis, Philberd

This tree was cleped.” Confessio Amantis.

In the Horticultural Society’s Catalogue of Fruits, 31 sorts are enume-rated ; but the kinds best deserving of culture for their fruit, and also asornamental shrubs or low trees, are considered by Mr. Thomson to beonly 5, which we have distinguished among those hereafter enumeratedby a star.

6 p 2