158

HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF TREES.

PART I,

64 ft. The Hfinus glutinosa, at 44 years, was 67 ft. in height. A Populustremula, of 78 years’ grovvth, was 74 ft.; and one of 90 years’ growth was71 ft.; the diameter of the trunk being in the latter case 14in., and in theformer 12 in. It may be observed of ali these trees, that they have stoolvery close together, so that the diameter of the trunk is generally very smallin comparison with its height.

The following trees and shrubs are found to stand the open air in the neigh-bourhood of Moscow. By comparing this list with that given aboveofthetrees and shrubs which will stand the open air in the neighbourhood of St.Petersburg, the reader will be able to ascertain what are the very hardiesttrees and shrubs of temperate climates, and of high latitudes.

Tiliacea:. Tilia europze'a. " Tilia europm'aprobably means T. parvifblia, which appearsthe most northern species or variety of Tilia.The Flora Mosquensis gives T. parvifblia * insylvis, nemoribusque; ’ T. grandifblia, only ‘ adpagos, in hortis; * while T. europs'a is notnamed at ali. — H. C. Watson. Feb. 6 . 1836.”

Acerineee. A' cer PseMo-Pl&tanus.

Hippocastdnea Esculus Hippoc&stanum.

C elastrlnece. Puonymus europas'us and verru-cbsus.

"Kh&mneee. Phamnus catharticus and Fran-gula.

Leguminosee. Cytisus iabdrnum, capitktus,ruthenicus, sessilifblius, nigricans ; Caraganafrutescens, acutifblia £?J, obtusifblia [?], spi-nbsa.

Amygdalea, ^m^gdalus n&na ; Trimus domes-tica, spinbsa; Cerasus dur&cina, &vium, Padus.

Pomdcece. Sorbus aucupkria, domestica, J'ria;Crat£e'gus Oxyacantha, tomentbsa, grandi-fibra ICtcida, coccinea ovalifblia, monogyna;

Cotone&ster vulgaris; P^rus melanoc&rpacommimis, JV/alus, baccata, prunifbiia, ovilis!

Caprifoliacece. Cornus &lba,sanguinea,sericea'Sambiicus racembsa, nigra ; Tibbrnum O pu!lus, rbsea, Lantana.

Oleaceee. Fraxinus excelsior, &lba, tomentbsa,

'Elcedgnea, ifippophae Rhamnoldes, £laedgnussongarica.

U Im&cea:. [7'lmus effbsa, campestris, sativa,

S 'alicinece. S&lix babyldnica, and almost ali theother species j ali the species ofpoplar exceptdilathta.

Betulinea. .4'lnus inedna, glutinbsa; j?6tu!aalba, nkna, nijjra.

Cupuliferee. Corylus Jvell&na, cornhta; Quer-cus Pbbur. “Both the British oaks(Q. iftburand sessiliflbra) are included in the FloraMosquensis. — H. C. Watson. Feb. 6.1836.”

Coniferar. Juniperus Sabina, Thdja occiden-talis; Pinus sylvfestris, CV»7&r<z,Strbbus,mon-thna ; J'bies excelsa, alba, Pickta , canadensis,nigra, rhbra, balsamiferaj Lhrix. commimis.

Deleuze mentions Dimidow as having the richest botanic garden in Russia,and as having sent to the Paris garden many fine trees and shrubs, natives ofSiberia. Among these were, Caragana Altagana, C. pygmse'a, and Halimo-dendron argenteum. The catalogue of Dimidow’s collection was publishedin 1786, soon after which the proprietor died, and the collection was dis-persed. The richest collection in 1814 was that at Gorinki, which sufferedgreatly when the French were in possession of that part of the country, andhas since been destroyed or neglected. The gardens in the neighbourhood ofMoscow, though they do not contain a great number of ligneous species, arenot without some of very considerable size ; more especially the common orScotch pine, the birch, the white poplar, the ash, the common elm, and thewhite willow. This last tree, in the south of Russia, is planted in straightlines of apparently interminable lengths, to indicate the road across thoseimmense steppes, over which a traveller may proceed a whole day withoutseing any other trace of civilisation than these trees and the post stations,At least we found this to be the case in 1814. M. Fintelman, one of theimperial gardeners at Moscow, visited Britain during the summer of 1835,with a view to add to the collection under his care; and he informed usthat the proprietors of gardens in his neighbourhood are most assiduous inthe improvement of their grounds, and are most anxious to piant in themevery tree and shrub that they think at all likely to endure the climate.

Warsaw, being three degrees further south than Moscow, enjoys a climatebetter adapted for the introduction of foreign trees and shrubs; and a con-siderable collection was introduced into the botanic garden there soon after thegeneral peace. On looking over the catalogue of this garden, published byM. Schubert in 1824, we find that the greater number of trees and shrubswhich stand the open air in Berlin also do so at Warsaw; but that the Por-tugal laurei, the common laurei, the laurustinus, the rhododendron, the treebox, the furze, and the broom, are not hardy; and that the ivy and the commonholly require protection during severe winters. Magnoha tripetala and acu-minata stand against a wall, with protection, as does also the tulip b® e '6’ratce'gus punctata, orientalis, Crus-galli, pyrifolia, coccinea, cordata, glandu-