1358

ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM.

PART III.

check given to the transpiration of the leaves, which turn yellow, and fall off,the tree dying in a few days. Ahother is the death of the roots, from theformation on them of a parasitic fungus. In both cases, nothing is to bedone, but to remove the tree, and replant. The leaves are also apt to beattacked with honey-dew, mildew, rust, and other diseases, which render themunfit for the food of the silkworm. The leaves covered with honey-dew maybe washed, and, when thoroughly dry, given to the insects without injury; butthe other diseased leaves should be thrown away. If leaves covered withhoney-dew are given to silkworms without washing, they cause dysentery anddeath.

Statistics. The largest v/hite mulberry trees in England are at Syon, where there is one 45ft. high;diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 10 in., and ofthe head 59ft.; and which is covered with fruit everyyear.At Kenwood is one, 38 years planted, which is 33 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 1 in., and of thehead 28 ft. In Hertfordshire, at Cheshunt , 7 years planted, it is 10 ft. high; diameter of the trunk2 in., and of the head 6 ft. In Oxfordshire , in the Oxford Botanic Garden, 20 years planted, it i8 )20ft.high ; diameter of the trunk 9 in., and of the head 20 ft. In Suffolk, at Ampton Hall, 9 years planted, itis 9 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 2 in., and of the head 5 ft. In Worcestershire , at Croome, 35 yearsplanted, it is 40 ft. high ; diameter of the trunk 12 in., and of the head 40 ft. In Scotland , in Forfar-shire, at Airlie Castle, 8 years planted, it is 8ft. high; in Perthshire, at Kinfauns Castle, 8 yearsplanted, it is 5 ft. high ; in Ross-shire, at Brahan Castle, 25 years planted, it is 10 ft. high. In Ireland ,at Terenure, near Dublin, 8 years planted, it is 6 ft. high. In France, in the Jardin des Plantes , 35 yearsplanted, it is 32 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 36 ft.; in the Botanic Gar-den, Toulon, 30'years old, it has a trunk 2 ft. 7 in. in circumference. In Saxony , at Wfirlitz, 50 yearsold, it is 40 ft. high, with a trunk 2£ ft. in diameter. In Austria, at Vienna , in the University BotanicGarden, 30 years planted, it is 45 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 24 ft.; inRosenthal’s Nursery, 18years old, it is 30 ft high, the diameter of the trunk 4 in., and of the head25 ft.; at Hadersdorf , 30 years old, it is 18 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 10 in., and of the head 2 ft.;at Briick on the Leytha, 27 years planted, it is 30 ft. high ; the diameter of the trunk 8 in., and of thehead 12 ft. In Prussia, at Berlin , at Sans Souci, 25 years old, it is 9 ft. high ; the diameter of thetrunk 3 in. In Denmark, at Rosenberg, near Copenhagen , 10 years planted, it is 10 ft. high. InSweden,, at Lund, in the Botanic Garden, it is 18 ft. high, with a trunk 5£- in. in diameter. In Italy ,at Monza , 200 years old, it is 40 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk is 3 ft., and of the head 50 ft.

Commercial Statistics. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, from Is. 6d.to 2s. 6 d. each: at Bollwyller, plants three years old, and transplanted, are 10s.per thousand; two years old, 5s. per thousand : at New York , single plantsare 37J cents ; and M. a. multicaulis is from 25 to 30 dollars per hundred,according to the size of the plants.

The best works on the culture of the white mulberry and the silkworm are,Dandolo ’s Dell’ Arte di governarc i Bacchi da Seta, Milan; Castelet’s Tradesur le Murier blanc, Paris : Grognier’s Recherches Historiques et Statisquessur le Murier, le Ver a Soie , et la Fabrication de la Soierie, &c., Lyons;Bonafous’s Memoire sur une Education de Vers a Soie, &c., Paris ; Kenrick’sAmerican Silk-Grower’s Guide, Boston; Cobb’s Manual of the Mulberry Tree ,&c., Massachusetts ; Dr. Pascalis’s Treatise on the Mulberry, &c., New York ;and Murray’s Observations on the Silkworm, London .

2 3. Ilf. (a.)constantinopolita'na Poir. The Constantinople Mulberry Tree.

Identification. Poir. Encyc. , 4. p. 381. ; Spreng. Syst. Veg., 1. p. 492.

Synonyme. M. byzantlna Sieb.

Engraving. N. Du Ham., 4. t. 24.

Spec. Char., 8(C. Leaves broadly ovate, heart-shaped at the base, undivided, serrate, 3-nerved;glabrous on both surfaces, except at the axils of the veins on the under one, where they arevillous. Male flowers in fascicles. ( Spreng. Syst. V4g., i. p. 492.) This is a low branching tree,seldom exceeding the height of 10 ft. or 15 ft.; a native of Turkey, Greece, and Crete ; which hasbeen long cultivated in the Jardin des Plantes , but which was not introduced into England till1818. The fruit is short, thick, and, according to Du Hamel , of a deep red, and insipid taste. Theleaves are very good for silkworms. This alleged species is considered as only a variety of M. &lbaby Bose {Nouv. Cours d’Agric., ix.); who says that it is easily recognised by its rough, furrowed,stunted trunk; its thick and short branches ; its leaves, which are always entire; and its solitaryvery white fruit. It is, he adds, a real monster (un veritable monstre, mais qui se propage toujoursle mSme). We have little doubt of its being only a variety of M. alba. Du Hamel ’s description andthat of Bose agree in every particular, except the colour of the fruit. According to M. Madiot, inthe Journal de la Society d?Agriculture Pratique , M. a. phmila (p. 1350.) was obtained from seeds ofM. (a.) constantinopolit&na. Plants of M. constantinopolitana, in the Bollwyller Nursery, are 3francs each ; at New York , 50 cents.

2 4. M. (a.) tata'rica Pal. The Tartarian Mulberry Tree.

Identification.4. p. 369.

Engravings.

Pall. FI. Ross , 2. p. 9. t. 52.; Lin. Sp. PL, 1399.; Mill. Diet. , No. 7.; Willd. Sp. PLPall. FI. Ross., 2. t. 52.; and our fig. 1295 .; both sprigs taken from one tree.

Spec. Char., tf-c. Leaves with a shallow scallop at the base, and eitherheart-shaped, ovate, or lobed; serrated with equal teeth, smooth ; the pro-