1372

ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM.

BART III,

from a bud peculiar to it; the flowers of the group situated each upon apeduncle, or each upon a pedicel, and disposed a few together upon shortpeduncles, or situated in both modes. Flowers bisexual, or a few of themmale: both kinds upon one plant. Calyx reddish, distinct from the ovary,top-shaped, or bell-shaped, of one piece, but having 5 or 4—8 segments, whichare imbricate in aestivation; remaining until the fruit falls. Stamens asmany as the segments ; inserted into the lower part of the calyx, oppositelyto the segments, and prominent beyond them : anthers opening lengthwise,outwardly {Smith), inwardly {T. Nees ab Bsenbeck). Ovary elliptic-oblong, compressed, cloven at the summit, having two cells and a pendulousovule in each. Style very short, or there is not one. Stigmas 2, acuminate,villous on the inner face. — Fruit a samara, and this compressed, more orless round or oval, and having the wing-like part membranous, broad, andpresent all round, except in a notch, whose base is the place of the attach-ment of the stigmas. Seed ; 1 in a samara, pendulous : in many instances,it is not perfected. Embryo not attended by albumen, straight, its radicleuppermost.— Species several .- wild in Europe , North America , and India ;one or more in Asia , one in China . Trees : some of the species attaininggreat size and age. Bark rugged. Wood hard. Branches twiggy. Flowerssmall. Leaves alternate, in 2 ranks, feather-veined; in most, unequal atthe base, annual, serrate, and harsh to the touch. Stipules oblong,deciduous. Leaves within the bud folded lengthwise, in 2 portions,upright, with scales between leaf and leaf. {T. Nees ab Esenbeck, Gen.PI. FI. Germ.; Smith, Engl. Flor. ; IJubij et Fecund. Hot. Gallic. ; andobservations.)

Pla'ner^ Grnelin. Sexes polygamous, or each in a distinct flower; in eachcase, upon the same plant.—Female and bisexual flowers. Calyx bell-shaped,distinct from the ovary, membranous, green, of one piece, but having Sciliatelobes. Stamens , in the bisexual flower, 4—5 less developed than those in themale flower. Ovary top-shaped, villous. Stigmas 2, sessile, diverging, white,pimpled. Fruit roundish, gibbous, pointed, dry, 2-celled, each cell contain-ing 1 seed.— Male flower. Calyx as in the female and bisexual flowers.Stamens 4—5, inserted near the centre of the bottom of the calyx, andoppositely to its lobes. Anthers reaching a little beyond the lobes of thecalyx, borne outwardly to the filament, of 2 lobes that seem as 4, and 2 cellsthat open sidewise and lengthwise.—)In P. Gmelinithe fruits are in heads;and in P. Richards' nearly solitary.—Species 2—? 3. Trees : natives ofAsia and North America . Leaves alternate and more or less ovate andtoothed; feather-veined and annual; and the flowers small, and not showy.P. Richards has stipules : which are straight, pointed, villous, and soon falloff. This species has united by ingrafting with the elm. {Turpin andMichaux.)

CVltis Tourn. Flowers borne upon the shoots of the year, axillary; eithersolitary, or 2—3 together, each, in any case, upon a peduncle; or from 3 tomany, in a raceme or panicle : in the kinds hardy in Britain , the flowersare protruded just previously to the leaves to which they, or the fruits, areafterwards axillary: bisexual, or, less commonly, by the imperfection ofthe pistil, only male in effect; both kinds upon one plant, and when theyoccur in the same raceme, the latter are the lower. Calyx bell-shaped,distinct from the ovary, 5 —6-parted, the segments imbricate in aestivation.Stamens 5—6, inserted into the base of the calyx, oppositely to its lobes,and they are shorter than the lobes. Filaments at first incurved. Antherscordate-acuminate; the cells 2, opening at the sides. Ovary ovate, 1-celled'Stigmas 2, sessile, acuminate, long, spreading or recurved, downy orglanded, simple or 2-parted. Fruit a drupe, subglobose. Ovule and seed,each 1, and pendulous. Embryo sickle-shaped, its radicle uppermost: tracesof subgelatinous albumen are between the cotyledons.—Species 19 ormore;

1 wild in Europe , the north of Africa , and Iberia ; in the Levant ; and2 u>China ; 4 in North America ; some in the West Indies and South America ,