CHAP. Cl.

ULM A CE/K. ff'LMUS.

1395

Commercial Statistics. Plants, in the London nurseries, from 8 ft. to 4 ft.high are 20s. per hundred, from 5 ft. to 6 ft. high 36s. ,* the striped-leavedvariety 50s. per hundred. At Bollwyller, large plants are 1 franc each ; andat New York, 37-| cents.

2. U. (c.) subero'sa Mcench. The covin-barked Elm .

Identification. Ehr. Arb., 142.; Willd. Sp. PL, p. 1324 .; Baumz., 391.; Host FI. Ausitr., I. p. S28. ;Eng. Bot., t. 2161.; Engl . FI., 2. p. 21.; Hook. Br. FI., p. 141.; Ltndl. Synop., p.226.; Mackay FI.Hihern., pt. 1. p. 241.; Lodd. Cat. , ed. 1836.

Smonymes. U. campestris Woodv. Med. Bot., 1.197.; U. campestris and Theophr^sti Du Ham.Arb., 2. p. 367. 1.108. ; U. vulgatissima fblio lcito sckbra Ger. Emac ,, 1480. f., Rati Syn., 468.; U.montana Cam. Epil., t. 70., upper fig.; common Elm Tree , Hunt. Evel. Syl., p. 119 ; I’Orme Liege,POrme fungeux, Fr.

Engravings. Eng. Bot., t. 2161.; Hayne, t. 28.; Wood . Med. Bot., 1.197 ; Du Ham. Arb.,2.1.108.;Math. Valgr.,1. p. 130. f.; our Jig. 1240. ; and the plate in our last Volume.

Spec. Char., fyc. Leaves pointed, rough, doubly and sharply serrated. Flowersstalked, 4*—5-cleft. Samara almost orbicular, deeply cloven, glabrous.

Branches spreading; their bark corky. ( Smith Eng. FI .) Taller andmore spreading than the common English elm. Bark,when a year old, covered with very fine dense cork,in deep fissures ; whence the specific name, suberosa, ’ >afirst given by Mcench, and adopted by Ehrhart.

Leaves rough on both sides, more rounded, and twiceor thrice as large as in U. campestris; very unequalat the base, strongly, sharply, and doubly serrated,hairy beneath, with dense broad tufts at the origin ofthe transverse ribs. Flowers much earlier than the {foliage, stalked, reddish, with 4 or 5 rounded segments, 13 Iffand as many stamens, with dull purple anthers. Sa- V'Vjfcmara nearly orbicular, with a deep sinus reaching tothe place of the seed. (Sin. Engl . FI.) A very marked tAkind of elm, but evidently a variety of U. campestris; A 1240and we should have included it among the varieties of that species, had therenot been some very distinct subvarieties of it, which, we think, may be moreconveniently kept by themselves; and because we should, for the samereason, have been obliged to include U. major, also, under V. campestris,it being, in our opinion, as much a variety of that species as U. suberosa.It varies exceedingly in the character of its corky bark; sometimes beingdeeply furrowed, and sometimes much less so. It also varies much in thecharacter of its head; being sometimes low, loose, and spreading, as re-presented in the plate in our last Volume; and sometimes being tall andnarrow. It is propagated by grafting on U. montana, or by layers or suckers.Varieties.

"t U. (c.) s. 1 vulgaris, U. suberosa Sort. Fur. The Dutch cork-barkedElm . —This, except the American elm and the Canterbury seedling(U. montana major glabra), is the quickest-growing of any thatMr. Masters cultivates. It is, moreover, valuable, on account of itsgrowing well upon the Kentish chalks; .and it keeps its leaf tilllate in the autumn. It is a tree of large growth : many of the elmsat Windsor are of this kind.

¥ U. (c.) s. 2 fbliis variegatk Lodd. Cat. , ed. 1836 ; U. suberosa variegataFort. Fur. ; is precisely like the last, except in its variegation. Mr.Masters has seen a few of very large dimensions; and there is one in thegrounds of G. May, Esq., Strood House, Herne, remarkable for itssize and beauty.

^ U. ( c.) s. .3 alba , U. suberosa alba Masters. — A lower tree, of morecompact growth, than the two preceding varieties ; and often growinginto an oval, or rather cone-shaped, head. Young shoots pubescent.Foliage thickly set. Bark much wrinkled, and becoming whitewith age. Fine specimens of this are growing in Lee Park, nearCanterbury.

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