CHAP. cm.

SALICA'CEiE. £A'LIX.

1491

g S. p. lj S. purpurea Smith, Willd. •— Stem dvvarfer. Branches more spreading. Catkinsvery slender.

gg S. p. 2; S. Lambertidtta Smith, Willd.—Catkins twice as stout, and leaves larger andbroader than in S. purphrea; otherwise not different,s. p. 3; S. i/felix Willd. En. —Branches uprightish, but spreading. Leaves longer.

$£ S. p, 4 momddlphica. — A male plant, with the stamens divided to the middle, or, rather,having 2 stamens with the filaments connate, as in S. rilbra, and as far as to the middle.Koch found this growing in the Palatinate of the Rhine , near Cassel.

& S. p. 5 sericea ; S. monandra sericea Ser. Sal. Helv., p. 8.—This has its leaves, while theyare young, covered with a dense silky down, which afterwards disappears. Sexingeobserved this in Switzerland; and Koch afterwards gathered it in the Palatinate .

Sfe S. p. 6 brdctea r&lyra.— This has the scales of the catkin, that is the bracteas, of the colourof red brick, and not black. Gunther sent it to Koch from Silesia j and Koch deems ita rare and singular variety.

Remark. Koch, considering S. purpdrea as including the above four, gives the geographical dis-tribution of the species as follows : — It inhabits the banks of streams and moist meadows, and alsosandy and comparatively dry places, in plains and lower mountains, from the Pyrenees and Alps ,through England and the whole of Europe, as far as to the south of Sweden .

as *t 2. S. He'lix L. The Helix, or Rose, Willow.

Identification. Lin. Sp. PI., 1444.; Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 672.; Hayne Abbild., p. 229. t. 170.; SmithEng. 1343.; Eng . FI., 4. p. 188. j Forbes in Sal. Wob., No. % ; Hook. Br. FI., ed. 3., p. 417.;Mackay FI. Hibern., pt. 1. p. 244.

Smonumcs. S. purpdrea var. Koch. Comm., p. 25. j ?S. oppositifblia Host SaL Austr., 1. p. 11.t. 38, 39.

The Sexes. Both sexes are figured in Sal. Wob., and also in Eng . Bot .; but Mr. Borrer believesthat the catkins of female flowers represented in the latter are those of S. Forby ana: if those offfelix, they are much too thick. Mr. Borrer having only seen the male of S. Helix, and the femaleof S. Lambert^mz, is inclined to regard them as the two sexes of one species.

Engravings. Eng . Bot., 1.1343., the male plant; Sal Wob., No. % ; Hayne Abbild., t. 170.; and Jig. 2.in p. 1603.

Spec. Char., Sfc. Branches erect. Leaves partly opposite, oblong-lanceolate,pointed, slightly serrated, very smooth ; linear towards the base. Stamen1. Style nearly as long as the linear divided stigmas. (Sal. Wob., p. 3.)A native of Britain ; flowering in March and April. A tree of humblegrowth, but erect; about 10 ft. high, smooth in every part, altogether of alighter hue than those of S. purpurea. The branches are not trailing, butupright; they are smooth and polished, of a pale yellowish or purplish ashcolour, tough and pliable; less slender and elongated than the foregoing,though useful for the coarser sorts of basketwork. Catkins larger thanthose of S. purpurea ; the fertile ones, especially, full twice as thick. (Eng .Flora, p. 188.) The branches, which are yellow, and the mode of growth,which is erect, render this species easily distinguishable from the preceding.Description. The name rose-willow relates to rose-like expansions at theends of the branches, which are caused by the deposition of the egg of acynips in the summits of the twigs, in consequence of which they shoot outinto numerous leaves, totally different in shape from the other leaves of thetree, and arranged not much unlike those composing the flower of a rose,adhering to the stem even after the others fall off. (Smith, and Kirby andSpence.) Smith had never seen this monstrosity but on S. Helix, exceptonce on S. aurita : but it is very common on S. Hoffmann idna in Sussex\isorrer), and on S. alba in Cambridgeshire , and is obvious in winter when theplants are leafless. In these two kinds, the rose-like bodies are constituted ofleaves imbricately disposed, the upper the smaller: some of the bodies area’ r r ‘ ” * eaves a nd twigs are less bitter than those of S. purpurea;and the greater size of the stem, as well as branches, renders this speciestor several purposes which that is not. It also makes a better figure inp antations, and the roots give more solidity to the banks of rivers or ditches.”1 mth.) Gerard describes the rose-willow, of which he has given a figure, asnot only making a gallant show, but also yielding a most cooling aire in theeat ot summer, being set up in houses for the decking of the same.” Dr.sto nsto | " , ‘ a Flora of Berwick upon Tweed, states that S. Helix withstandsc j n ril ^ s l ter thmi any other species. A crystallisable principle, called sali-t h e 6 ’ as ” een obtained from this species; which, according to Majendie, arrestsprogress of a fever with the same power as sulphate of quinine. (Jour.

H50 \ t Ctober > 1830 > P- m - 5 Lindl ■ Nat ■ S J st -> P- 187 - See aIso our P-■) In ornamental plantations, S. Helix is an interesting shrub, from its

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