UJAF. CHI.

salica'cete. a'a'lix.

1525

appears to be the upland, or red-twigged, willow of Pontey ; but itmay possibly be only a variation of the species, or the female. Theuses and culture of this sort may, of course, be considered as thesame as the last. There is a plant of this variety in Essex, at AudleyEnd, which, 20 years planted, is 55 ft. high ; the diameter of thetrunk 2J ft., and of the head 45 ft. In Northamptonshire , at Wake-field Lodge, a tree, 16 years planted, is 30 ft. high. There are plantsin the Hackney arboretum, and at Woburn and Flitwick.i S. fa. ?3 crispa. —A specimen received from Mr. Donald, nurseryman,Woking, Surrey , named .S. crispa, is very different from S. crispaForbes in Sal. Wob., and seems clearly S. alba. The specimen con-sists of a young shoot of the year, bearing leaves; and these leavesare narrow, contorted, and silky. So far as we can judge from thesingle specimen, the kind may be regarded as a variety of S. alba,analogous to that which S. b. crispa, S. annularis Forbes , is, relativelyto S. babyldnica.

i S. a. 4 rosea Lodd. Cat. , ed, 1836. — The plant in Messrs. Loddiges’scollection under this name does not show any obvious marks ofdifference from S. alba, nor any striking appearance of rosiness.The epithet rosea, may probably have been applied in relation to therosaceous tufts of leaves which are sometimes found on S. alba, asnoticed under S. Lfelix.

Properties and Uses. In the north of Europe , the bark of this tree isused for tanning leather, and for dyeing yarn of a cinnamon colour; and theleaves and young shoots are given to cattle in a green state, or dried like thetwigs of the birch, and laid up for winter fodder. The inner bark of this tree,like that of Scotch pine, being kiln-dried, and ground into a fine flour, is mixedwith oatmeal, and made into bread, in seasons of great scarcity, by the inhabit-ants of Norway and Kamtschatka . The branches of the tree are used as stakes,poles, handles to rakes, hoes, and other implements, and as faggot-wood fortuel. The timber of the trunk is used for various purposes. It weighs, in agreen state, 701b. 9 oz. per cubic foot; half-dry, 511b. 14 oz.; and quite‘by, 32 lb. 12 oz.; so as to lose more than one half of its weight by drying,1 U ™P , w hich it loses a sixteenth part of its bulk. In ship bottoms, Mr.Gorrie informs us, it is not found so liable to split by any accidental shock asoak, or other hard wood. It is found an excellent lining for stone-carts, bar-rows, &c. In the roofs of houses, rafters of this tree have been known tostand a hundred years; and, with the exception of about half an inch on theoutside, the wood has been found so fresh at the end of that period, as to befit for boat-building. ( Gard. Mag., vol. i. p. 45.) The wood is also used inturnery, mill-work, coopery, weather-boarding, &c.; and the stronger shootsand poles serve for making hoops, handles to hay-rakes, clothes-props (seehg.169. Encyc.of Cott. Arch.), and various other instruments and implements;and the twigs are employed in wickerwork. Mitchell says the Huntingdonwillow has been in great demand for making willow hats for gentlemen’ssummer wear, split, and worked the same as straw for bonnets. ( Dend.,p. 56.) The bark, which is thick, and full of cracks, is in nearly as greattepute for tanning as that of the oak; and it is also used in medicine, inf e K CU u e a S ues > ns a substitute for cinchona; though it is inferioror both purposes to that of S. RusselhaBa. As fuel, the wood of this treey t0 ™ at t ^ e beech as 808 is to 1540; but the old bark makes atery useful fuel; and both it and the wood will burn when green, in which^ e . e wo °d is said to give out most heat. The charcoal is excellent forln . ™ e . manufacture of gunpowder, and for crayons. The ashes arethat '1 W a ^ a '’> containing more than a tenth part of their weight ofand th ^ lance > a f* ne blood-red colour is obtained from the bark;

„ 1 0 , at young tree is used in the preparation of leather for making

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