CHAP. CIV.

TJETULa'cETE. JJE'TULA.

1705

brane which surrounds it is narrower. The wood of the tree is. hard,and yellower than that of the common birch. Pallas says that it differsfrom B. nigra L. (the red birch of America ), in having smaller stipules, andin the leaves being less frequently, and never doubly, serrated; but, as hehad only an opportunity of comparing it with a small dried specimen ofthe American species, of which he has given us a figure, we cannot placemuch confidence in his opinion. The young plants bearing this name atMessrs. Loddiges’s have every appearance of being nothing more than astunted variety of the common birch; but these plants are too small andunhealthy to enable us to determine, with certainty, whether they arereally of the kind described by Pallas, or not. This species was introducedin 1796; but it is not common in collections. There is a tree at Croomebearing this name, which, after being 30 years planted, is 40 ft. high. Onein the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 35 years planted, is 30 ft. high; andone in the Botanic Garden at Munich , 25 years planted, is 20 ft. high.

Variety.

iiB . d. 2 parvifolia Hayne Dend., p. 167., has the leaves smaller thanthe species.

a 3. B. frutico'sa Pall. The shrubby Birch.

Identification. Pall. Ross., 1. p. 62.; Du Roi Harb. Baum., 1. p. 151.; Willd, Sp, PI., 4. p. 466.,Baum., p. 61.; N. Du Ham., 3. p. 208.

Synmymes. B. hilmilis Schrank Sal., p. 56., FI. Bavar., No. 305.; B. quebecc^nsis Schrift. derGesclls. Naturf. Freunde , 5. p. 196., as quoted by Willdenow .

Engravings. Pall. Ross., 1.1. 40. ; Dend. Brit, t. 154.; and^our fig. 1557.

Spec. Char., fyc. Leaves roundish-ovate, nearly equally serrate, glabrous.Female catkins oblong. ( Willd. Sp. PL, iv. p. 466.) This species is alwaysshrubby, and never rises higher than 5 ft. or 6 ft., in moist situations ; but,on mountains, it grows to a greater size, andthe trunk attains a thickness of 2 in. or 3 in.

The whole plant has a stunted appearance.

The buds are numerous, and come out soonafter those of B. alba. The leaves are small,and generally two from the same bud. Theyare lengthened out, and entire towards thepetiole; and towards the end, which is verysharp, they are unequally serrated. Themale catkins, are sessile at the ends of thetwigs, frequently unaccompanied with anyleaf: they are more than 1 in. in length, andpendent. The female catkins are lateral fromthe leaf buds, solitary, alternate, upright,small, commonly peduncled, and accompaniedby a small leaf; and the ripe seeds remain upon them during the winter;their form is cylindric, and they are longer than those of B. nana; thescales are narrow at the base, three-forked at the end; and there are threeseeds to each scale, of the same size and form as in B. nana. Pallas foundthis species in marshes, and on rocky mountains in the cold subalpine re-gions of Eastern Siberia. According to Willdenow , it is also found inCanada, and in Germany, in Bavaria, and Mecklenburg. About Berlin , itgrows to the height of 4 ft. or 5 ft. It was introduced in 1818; and thereare plants at Messrs. Loddiges’s, and in some other collections.

* 4. B. pu'mila L. The hairy dwarf Birch.

Identification. "Willd. Sp. PI., 4. p. 467. ; Pursh FI. Araer. Sept., 2. p. 622.; N. Du Haul., 3. p. 207. ;Lm. Mant, 124.

\yntmyme. S. nana Kalm Itin., 2. p. 263.

wigravings. Jacq. Hort. Vind., 1.122. ; Du Roi Harb., 1. t. 3.; Wang. Beitr., t. 29. f. 61.; Dend.nnt. t. 97, and our Jig. 1558.

Spec. Char,, fyc. Branches pubescent, without dots. Leaves roundish-ovate,on long footstalks, densely clothed with hairs on the under surface. Femalecatkins cylindrical. (Willd. Sp. PL, iv. p. 467.) A shrub, a native of bogs in