CHAP. CV.

CORYLA.'CE/E. QUE'RCUS.

1821

and found their necks full of troublesome tumours; whilst he himself sufferedfor several days from having handled them. In these respects, they are verysimilar to the celebrated Pttyocampa of the ancients, and which is the cater-pillar of another species of this genus, which feeds upon the fir. *Pcecilo-campa populi, *Hypogymna dispar (the gipsy moth), *Psilura monacha(the black arches), *Dasychira fascellna (the dark tussock), * Psyche fusca,and fLimacddes Tfestudo. Amongst the Lithosiidce, *Callimorpha miniata,#Lithosia complana (the common footman), *L. quadra (the four-spottedfootman), *Gnophria rubricollis.

Amongst the ISoctuidw, * Semiophora gothica, f Orthosis instabilis, *0.gracilis, *0. munda, *0. cruda, *0. stabilis, *Glae'a satellitia, j-Amphipyrapyramidea, f Xylina rhizolitha, *X. petrificata, *Miselia aprilina (the beau-tiful marvel du jour moth), j-Polia seladonia, *Apathla aceris, j-DlphtheraOrion, *D. ludifica (British?) j-Ceropacha diluta, j-C. ridens, fCymatdphoraO'o, #Cosmia trapezina, j-Xanthia croceago, and -f-X. rufina, -j-Catephialeucomelas, *Catocala fraxini (the great blue under-wing moth, similar toC. elocata, p. 1484. fig. 1293., but 4 in. in expanse, and having the groundof the under wings blue instead of red), f Catocala pacta, j- C. sponsa,and -j-C. promissa, three very beautiful, but small, species of this genus, withthe ground colour of the under wings scarlet), and *Brhpha notha.

Amongst the Geometridce are, j- Anisopteryx leucophearia, *Hybernia capreo-laria and *H. defoliaria (which are occasionally very destructive in oak copses),* Phigalia pilosaria, * Biston prodromarius (the great oak beauty), * B. betu-larius (the peppered moth), * Himera pennaria, * Crocalis eliriguaria, severalspecies of thorn moths (several of which are figured in all their states, andin a most admirable manner, by M. Lyonnet, in his Posthumous Memoirs,recently published), including j" Geometra quercinaria, -j- G. quercaria, j- G.angularia, *G. illunaria, * G. illustraria, &c.; \Cleors bajularia, Cleora cinc-tiiria. (See Mag. Nat. Hist., v. p. 265.) * A'lcis roboraria, A’lcis consonaria,and A. consortaria ( Lyonnet Mem. Posth., pi. 29. f. 20—27.), j- E'phyrapunctaria, * Eurymene dolabraria. Amongst the Platyptericidis, Pyralidts,Tortricidte, Tineidee, and other remaining lepidopterous families, composedof insects of small size, a vast number of species are oak feeders, including*Drepanafalcataria, fD. h&mula, *Pechipogon barbalis, *Hyl6phila prasinana(Reaumur Mem., tom. ii. pi. 39. f, 13, 14.), * H. quercana, -j-Lozotae'nia robo-rana, f Pseudotomia atromargana, * Roxans arcuana,-j-Phibalocera quercana,f Phyclta roborella, Adela Geer ella (Lyonnet Mem. Posth., pi. 19. f. 17—25.;yinea sequella (Id., pi. 19. f. 26.), the cocoon of which is an exceedinglyinteresting geometrical construction, described in detail by Lyonnet.

Amongst the Leaf -feeding Species, the majority are external feeders, neitherconcealing themselves in cases, nor rolling themselves up in leaves ; but some,especially amongst the smaller species, do not agree with these in their habits,and adopt various methods of defence, which render an examination of thedifferent inhabitants of this tree an object of the greatest interest. Of thesesome roll up several leaves into a ball of considerable size ( Reaum. Mem., tom. i.pl. 15. f. 3., and pi. 32. f. 4, 5.), which latter represents the habitations ofthe scarlet under-wing moths above mentioned ; others, again, construct theirboat-shaped cocoons of strips of oak leaves (Ibid., pl. 38. fig. 7.); others,^nm, roll up the leaves in various directions (as ITortrix viridana, above men-tioned^. 1818.; Reaum., tom. ii. pl. 13, 14, 15, 16.); others feed upon theparenchyma of the leaf, raising, as it were, large circular blisters, the upperand under surfaces of the leaf remaining unconsumed. (Reaum., tom. iii. pl. 3.)home form tortuous labyrinths within the leaf, similar to those of the rose-loaf miners; and some live in little cases of leaves, or silk, which they carryabout with them. (Reaum., tom. iii. pl. 7.)

Amongst the Coleopterous Insects, the common cockchafer (/S’carabce'us■‘Relolontha Lin., ilfelolontha vulgaris Fab., fig. 1648. a), is the most obnoxiousI . leaf-eating species. The egg of this terrible devastator is white, and isdeposited in the ground, where it soon changes into a soft whitish grub with