GHAP. CV,

CORYLA CE2E. CA RPINUS.

2013

ference at 5 ft. from the ground, having increased 18 in. from 1812, when it measured 5 ft. in girt.—In Ireland , at Cypress Grove, it is 90 ft. high, diameter of trunk 2 ft. 8 in. and of the head 100 ft. ;in King’s County , at Cbarleville Forest, 8 years planted, it is 18 ft. high ; in Fermanagh , atFlorence Court, 35 years planted, it is 40ft. high ; in Galway , at Cool, it is 36ft. high, diameter oftrunk 1 ft. 3 in., and of the head 20 ft.; in Sligo , at Mackree Castle, it is 62 ft. high, diameter ofthe trunk 3 ft , and of the head 48 ft.; in the county Tyrone, 60 years planted, it is 50 ft. high,girt of trunk 6 ft., and the diameter of head 40ft.—In France , near Nantes , 100 years old, it is 90ft.nigh, with a trunk 8 ft. in circumference.—In Belgium , in the wood belonging to the villa of M.Meulemeester, near Ghent , is a serpentine walk about 300 ft. long, covered with hornbeam trainedto a vaulted treillage. This leads to an artificial cave, which is paved with the metatarsal bones ofsheep. We afterwards come to Pan’s Theatre, this is wholly formed of hornbeam trees and bushes,which the shears have curiously tortured into the appearance of a stage with side scenes, and offront and side boxes, and parterre, or pit. {Net'll Hurt. Tour., p. 56.)—In Hanover, in the Got­ tingen Botanic Garden , 20 years planted, it is 20 ft. high.—In Bavaria , in the Botanic Garden at Munich , 24 years old, it is 18 ft. high.—In Austria , at Vienna , in the University Botanic Garden,40 years old, it is 48 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 3 in., and of the head 30 ft.; at Laxenburg ,60 years planted, it is 38 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 1 ft 1 in., and of the head 12 ft.; at Kopenzel,40 years planted, it is 30 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 6 in., and of the head 18 ft.; in thegarden of Baron Loudon, 20 years old, it is 25 ft. high, diameter of trunk 1ft. 2 in., and ofhead 16 ft.; and at Briick on the Leytha, 60 years old, it is 48 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 2 ft.,and of the head 39 ft.—In Prussia, near Berlin , at Sans Souci, 35 years old, it is 36 ft. high, diameterof trunk 1,ft. 4 in., and of the head 15 ft.—In Sweden , at Lund, in the Botanic Garden , it is 48 ft.high, diameter of the trunk 2 ft., and of the space covered by the branches 38 ft.—In Italy , in Lom­ bardy , at Monza , 40 years old, it is 45 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 3 in., and of the headSO ft. The var. inclsa, 24 years planted, is 14 ft. high.

I 2. C. ( B.) america'na Michx. The American Hornbeam.

Identification. Michx. Amer., 2. p SOI.; Willd. Sp. Pl„ 4. p. 468.; Pursh FI. Amer. Sept., p. 623. ;Dend. Brit., 1.157.

Synonyme. C. virgini&na Michx. Arb., t. 8.

Engravings. Dend. Brit., t. 157.; Michx. N. Amer. Syl., 3. t. 108.; and our fig. 1936.

Spec. Char., $c. Bracteas of the fruit 3-partite; middle division oblique,ovate-lanceolate, 1-toothed on one side. (Willd.) A low tree, generallyfrom 12 ft. to 15 ft. high, but sometimes from 25 ft. 6 in. to 30 ft.; a nativeof North America . Introduced in 1812. The American hornbeam issmaller than that of Europe ; as, though underpeculiarly favourable circumstances it sometimesattains the height of 25 ft. or 30 ft., these instancesare of rare occurrence, and its ordinary stature isthat of a large shrub. The trunk is rather thickin proportion to its height, and frequently obliquelyand irregularly fluted. The branches are numerous,short, and thickly set, so as to give the whole treea dwarfish and stunted appearance. The bark issmooth, and spotted with white. The leaves areoval, acuminated, and finely dentated. The femaleflowers are collected in long, loose, pendulous cat-kins, like those of the European hornbeam; and,like that species, the bracteas expand, with the pro-gress of the fruit, into a kind of leaf, furnished atthe base with a small, hard, oval nut. The catkinsoften remain attached to the tree after the leaveshave fallen. The tree prospers, in North America ,in almost every soil and situation: it is found, ac-cording to Michaux, as far north as the provincesof Nova Scotia ; and, according to Pursh, as farsouth as Florida . The wood is white, and exceed-ingly fine-grained and compact. According to Michaux, “ the dimensionsof the tree are so small as to render it useless even for fuel; but youngtrees are employed for hoops in the district of Maine , when better kindscannot be procured.” (N. Amer. Syl., iii. p. 29.) It was introduced byPursh,in 1812; and there are plants of it in some of the London nurseries.It is propagated by layers, and sometimes by imported seeds.

Statistics. In Sussex, at West Dean, 15 years planted, it is 21 ft. high. In Staffordshire , at Trent-ham, 25 years planted, it is 35 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 1 ft., and of the head 27 ft. In Scot­ land , at Dalhousie Castle, 15 years planted, it is 14 ft. high. In France , near Paris , at Sceaux , 20years old, it is 36 ft. high. In Italy , at Monza , 24years planted, it is 24 ft. high, diameter of thetrunk 8 in., and ; of the head 20 ft. Price of plants, in the London nurseries, 2s. each.