2146

ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM.

PART in.

tse'nia comitana is also commonamongst fir trees. Eudorea resineaHaw, frequents the trunks of firsand pines. De Geer has figured thenatural history of Orthotm'nia re-sinella Linn. The caterpillars ofthis beautiful little moth reside inresinous galls, which they produceat the tips of the young shoots ofthe fir. Fig. 2017. exhibits one ofthese galls ; in which a representsthe withered bud at its extre-mity ; b, one of these galls opened,showing the internal cavity en-closing the caterpillar; and c, themoth. The pseudo-caterpillars ofseveral of the species of the genusLophyrus (belonging to the family of the saw-flies, Penthredinid®) also feedupon the leaves of the pine. De Geer has given full details of their history.(Memmres , tom. ii. pi. 36.) The males of this interesting genus are dis-tinguished by having the antenn® very deeply bipectinated. L. pini, accordingto Rossmassler, is attached to old trees of Pious sylvestris. The singularhymenopterous genus Xyela of Dalman, was named Pinicola by Brebisoi),in consequence of the species being found exclusively upon the pine.

In addition to the preceding, there are numerous other small insects, be-longing to different orders, which inhabit trees of the genus Pinus ; namely,A'phis pini and pineti, Eriosoma abietis, Coccus abietis, Psylla abietis andpini, and Mantinea (Pachymerus) abietis, belonging to the Linnsan orderHemiptera ; a small midge (Cecidomyia pini), which produces small galls onthe young stems in which its larva resides ( De Geer, Mem., tom vi. t. 26.) :and belonging to the Coleoptera are, Cryptocephalus pini, Brachyonyx indi-gena, Brachyderes incanus, and Magdalis violaceus (all of whose histonesare detailed by Ratzeburg ); as well as Cyphon pini and Malthinus Pinicola.

Parasites and Epiphytes. Among the plants which live on the pine and firtribe, may be included the mistletoe in Europe, and the Arceuthobium Poo*.{Biscum Oxycedri Dec.) in North America : the former, we believe, hasbeen chiefly found on P. sylvestris and on the silver fir, and the latter on ”•Banksidua and P. ponderosa. For the following enumeration of Fungi thatlive on the bark, or on the decaying wood, of the pine and fir tribe, we areindebted to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley : —

Yungi. The natural order Conifer® is very rich in Fungi , and producesmany that are peculiar to it, though it has likewise a few species which arefound on trees of other orders. We shall first notice those which grow upojspecies belonging to the genera Pinus , A'bies, and Farix, treating of those whichbelong to other Conifer® under their respective genera. It is probable thatmany pines and firs have species peculiar to them; but, though this is wcjknown with regard to a few Fungi, authors have, in general, so loosely in®"cated the kinds which produce particular Fungi ; and the terms pinicola andabietina are so often applied inaccurately, that it is not always possible 10speak decidedly on the subject.

Upon the wood of different firs andpines, the following are among the moreinteresting or most general species observedin this country :—Agfiricus rutilans Scheeff.,syn. Xerampelinus Sow., t. 31., and ourjig. 2018., is remarkable for its rich crim-son red downy pileus, tinged occasionallywith olive brown, and its yellow floccoso-serrated gills. This species occasionallyoccurs on trees of other natural orders. A. Pris Berk. Eng. FI., v

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