CHAP. XIII
coni'fer®. Pl'NUS
2163
2050
in Norway on the north ; andfrom Spain and Britain on thewest, to the confines of Siberia and Kamtschatka on the east.
It extends into the north, east,and west of Asia ; and, accord-ing to some,it is found at NootkaSound, in North America . Inthe south of Europe , it growsat the elevation of 1000 ft. to1500 ft.; in the Highlands ofScotland , at 1400 ft.; and inNorway and Lapland , at 700 ft.
In the extreme elevations, as inthe extreme limits of its northernrange, it assumes the characterof a stunted tree, or bush.
Mirbel indicates the range of the .
Scotch pine to be, “ Caucasus,
Peloponnesus, Calabria , Valen-cia, Pyrenees, Lapland to 70°n. lat., Bucharia ; Western Si-beria, on the Oby, under 64°,perhaps beyond; Eastern Si-beria , at the Stananoi Moun-tains, in 62° or 63°; Kamtschatka ,between 55° and 57° ; Dahuria,
Japan .” The elevation to whichit attains on the mountains, ac-cording to the same author, is,in Lapland , under 70°, to 125toises (of about 6 ft. 6 in. each);on the Carpathians , to 500; on the Alps of Switzerland and Dauphine, to870; on the Pyrenees , from 600 to 1250; and on the Caucasus, to 900toises (or 3850 ft.) Von Buch considers the space between P. sylvcstris andperpetual snow in Nor-way to be 2771 ft.; andthat the mean temper-ature where it ceasesis 31° of Fahrenheit.
Wahlenberg makes themean temperature of theearth 1° 8' Cel. (ab ou85° Fahrenheit), a ndme elevation 1278 ft.,where it ceases in Swe-msh Lapland .” (Wat-lor s Outlines , &c., p.
269.) The Scotch pinels mos t abundant in thenorth of Europe , be-l^ en latitude 52° and65 • There are im-mense forests of it, onev M> ground, in Poland and Russia , and on hillsand mountains in Swe-den, Norway, Germany ,