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ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM.

PART 111.

the conservatories during win-ter. He had seen one 16 ft.high, without a single lateralbranch; but, notwithstandingthis, its trunk threw out nume-rous shoots or tufts of leaves,from adventitious or dormantbuds. Some plants having stoodout during the severe winter of1829-30, M.Vilmorin is in hopesthat it may be acclimatised inthe neighbourhood of Paris .

Geography and History. Anative of the United States ,from North Carolina to Florida ,abounding in extensive forestsnear the sea coast. “ Towards thenorth, the long-leaved pine firstmakes its appearance near Nor-folk in Virginia , where the pinebarrens begin. It seems to beespecially assigned to dry sandysoils; and it is found, almost without interruption, in the lower part of the Caro-linas, Georgia, and the Floridas , over a tract of more than 600 miles longfrom north-east to south-west, and more than 100 miles broad from the seatowards the mountains of the Carolinas and Georgia. Where it begins toshow itself towards the river Nuse, it is united with theloblolly pine (Pinus Tse'da ), the yellow pine (P. mitis), thepond pine (P. serotina), the black Jack oak (Quercus nigra),and the scrub oak (Q. Bannisteri) : but, immediately beyondRaleigh , it holds almost exclusive possession of the soil, andis seen in company with the pines just mentioned, only onthe edges of the swamps enclosed in the barrens ; even there,not more than one tree in a hundred is of another species.

With this exception, the long-leaved pine forms the unbrokenmass of woods which covers this extensive country ; but, be-tween Fayetteville and Wilmington, in North Carolina , thescrub oak is found, in some districts, mixed with it in thebarrens; and, except this species of pine, it is the only treecapable of subsisting on so dry and sterile a soil.” ( Michx.)

Wangenheim, according to Lambert, says that dry land doesnot suit this pine, but only low marshy spots; whence So-lander’s specific name of palustris; which, Michaux veryproperly observes, gives a false idea of the habitat of theplant. P. australis has been cultivated in England since 1730;but being (as we have already observed) rather tender, though it will standthe climate of London in the open air without protection, it is not commonin collections. M. Michaux recommends it for the south of France , andparticularly for the neighbourhood of Bordeaux , in soils and situations wherethe pinaster flourishes.

Properties and Uses. The timber of the long-leaved pine is applied to agreat variety of purposes in the Carolinas, Georgia, and the Floridas . Fourfifths of the houses are built of it, except the roof, which is covered withshingles of cypress; though sometimes the shingles also are made of pine, mwhich case they require to be renewed after 15 or 18 years, owing to thewarmth and humidity of the climate. It is generally used for the enclosureof cultivated fields; and, in the southern states, it is preferred before all otherpines in naval architecture. No other species is exported from the southernstates to the West Indies ; and it is also sent in large quantities to Liver-

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