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ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM.

PART III.

tae'nia comitana is also commonamongst fir trees. Eudorea resineaHaw. frequents the trunks of firsand pines. De Geer has figured thenatural history of Ortho tie'nia re-sinella Linn. The caterpillars ofthis beautiful little moth reside inresinous galls, which they produceat the tips of the young shoots ofthe fir. Fig. 2017. exhibits one ofthese galls ; in which a representsthe withered bud at its extre-mity; b, one of these galls opened,showing the internal cavity en-closing the caterpillar; and c, themoth. The pseudo-caterpillars ofseveral of the species of the genusLophyrus (belonging to the family of the saw-flies, Penthredinidm) also feedupon the leaves of the pine. De Geer has given full details of their history.

(Memoires , tom. ii. pi. 36.) The males of this interesting genus are dis-tinguished by having the antenna; very deeply bipectinated. L. pini, accordingto- Rossmassler, is attached to old trees of Pinus sylvestris. The singularhymenopterous genus Xyela of Dalman, was named Pinicola by Brebison,in consequence of the species being found exclusively upon the pine.

In addition to the preceding, there are numerous other small insects, be-longing to different orders, which inhabit trees of the genus Pinus ; namely,A'phis pini and pineti, Eriosoma abietis, Cdccus abietis, Psylla abietis andpini, and Mantinea (Pachymerus) abietis, belonging to the Linnman orderHemiptera; a small midge (Cecidomyia pini), which produces small galls onthe young stems in which its larva resides (He Geer, Mem., tom vi. t. 26.) :and belonging to the Coleoptera are, Cryptocephalus pini, Brachyonyx indi-gena, Brachyderes incanus, and Magdalis violaceus (all of whose historiesare detailed by Ratzeburg); as well as Cyphon pini and Malthinus Pinicola.

Parasites and Epiphytes. Among the plants which live on the pine and firtribe, may be included the mistletoe in Europe, and the Arceuthdbium Hook.(Fiscum Oxycedri Dec.) in North America: the former, we believe, hasbeen chiefly found on P. sylvestris and on the silver fir, and the latter on P.BanksiaMd and P. ponderosa. For the following enumeration of Fungi thatlive on the bark, or on the decaying wood, of the pine and fir tribe, we areindebted to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley : —

Pungi. The natural order Coniferas is very rich in Pungi, and producesmany that art; peculiar to it, though it has likewise a few species which arefound on trees of other orders. We shall first notice those which grow uponspecies belonging to the genera Pinus, A'bies, and i'arix, treating of those whichbelong to other Coniferae under their respective genera. It is probable thatmany pines and firs have species peculiar to them; but, though this is wellknown with regard to a few Pungi, authors have, in general, so loosely indi-cated the kinds which produce particular Pungi ; and the terms pinicola andabietina are so often applied inaccurately, that it is not always possible tospeak decidedly on the subject.

Upon the wood of different firs andpines, the following are among the moreinteresting or most general species observedin this country :—Agaricus rutilans Schceff.,syn. Xerampelinus Sow., t. 31., and ourjig. 2018., is remarkable for its rich crim-son red downy pileus, tinged occasionallywith olive brown, and its yellow floccoso-serrated gills. This species occasionally vml1occurs on trees of other natural orders. A. Pris Berk. Eng. FI., v. p. 36.,