X

PREFACE.

(31.) Cosmography, particularly (32.) Astronomy, demands a right notion of these terms,viz. snn, moon, planets, satellites, comets, stars, mercury, venus, earth, Sec. sphere, and the termsmentioned under spherics, at No. 7, also sign, constellation, precession, culmination, refraction, de-clination, ascension, longitude, latitude, amplitude, azimuth, altitude, places, aspects, conjunction,quadrature, opposition, orbit, node, apogee, perigee, aphelion, perihelion, eccentricity, stationary,retrograde, direct, equinox, solstice, precession of the equinox, equation, tropical revolution, siderealrevolution, anomaly, anomalistic revolution, parallax, eclipses of the sun and moon, transits, phases,libration, maculae, day, night, twilight; cosmical, achronical and heliacal rising and setting of thestars, attraction, motion of the earth, magnitude of the earth and planets, figure of the earth andplanets, flux and reflux of the sea, aberration of light, nutation, &c.

(33.) Geography, together with Hydrography, (34.) Ciirorograpiiy, (35.) and Topo-graphy, (36.) likewise requires a knowledge of spherics, and these terms, viz. places, situation,latitude, longitude, points of the compass, divisions of the earth, as continents, islands, peninsulas,isthmuses, promontory, capes, &c.; oceans, seas, lakes, gnlphs, bays, straits, Sec. ; hemisphere, zone,climate, quarter, region, empire, kingdom, states, republic, monarchy, aristocracy, democracy,government, province, dukedom, county, department, Sec. ; primacy, archbishopric, bishopric,parish, &c.; globe, map, position of the sphere, ascii, amphiscii, heteroscii, periscii, antccci,periceci, antipodes, &c.

(37.) Chronology, in which we have to notice, time, century, jubilee, lustrum, year, month,week, day, hour, age, chiliad, period, cycle, epocha, calendar, Julian, Gregorian , feast, feriae, epaci,golden number, dominical letter, &c.

(38.) Dialing, where we ought to understand, the plane of the dial, stile, substile, elevationof the stile, horizontal dials, erect dials, declining, inclining, and reclining dials, &c.

(39.) Navigation, in which the terms to be noted are ship, with its several parts, coasting, sailing,■course, rhumb, distance, departure, difference of latitude, differences of longitude, plain sailing, ob-lique sailing, traverse sailing, parallel sailing, middle latitude sailing,Mercator ’s sailing, great circlesailing, compass, needle, variation, log, log-line, half-minute-glass, currents, lee-way, observation,dip, parallax, apparent altitude, true altitude, zenith, distance, day’s work, keeping a journal, &c.

(40.) Optics, embracing Dioptrics, (41.) and Catoptrics, (42.) requires the study ofthese terms, viz. light; refraction, reflection, inflection, and refrangibility, of light; angle of inci-dence,— 0 f reflection,—of refraction, shadow, penumbra, apparent magnitude of object, apparentsituation of objects, apparent distance of objects, brightness of objects, colours, vision, eye, mirror,plane; convex, concave, and cylindrical mirrors, burning-mirror, &c. lens, plano-convex, plano-concave, double-convex, double-concave, meniscus, colours, rainbow, camera obscura, magiclanthern, microscope, telescope, &c. *

(43.) Perspective, calls our attention to several terms, as the plane of projection or picture,original plane, vanishing-plane, vertical-plane, directing-plane, with the corresponding lines andpoints, as vanishing-lines, vanishing-point, &c. also point of sight, centre of the picture, distance,height of the eye, images, scenography, orthography, ichnography, anamorphosis, &c.

(44.) Drawing, and (45.) Painting, light and shade, expression of the muscles, expressionof the passions, painting in oil-colours, painting in water-colours, painting in enamel, painting inwax, fresco, colours, crayons, &c.

(46.) Acoustics, and (47.) Music, give the terms sound, voice, echo, resonance, tone,gravity, tune, interval, note, ch#rd, concord, unison, octave, third, fourth, fifth, discord, melody,harmony, symphony, chime, song, key, cleff, signature, transposition, staff, scale, gammut,modulation, with the instruments of music.

(48.) Metaphysics,