ABO
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A BR
ABOLKIR, a small town of Egypt , lying in the desart betweenAlexandria and Rosetta. It is the ancient Canopus, and is situatedaccording to Mr. Savary, six. leagues from Pharos. The town isbuilt upon a rock, which forms a handsome road for shipping, and■was out ot the reach ot inundations. The bay is famous ior thevictory gained by the gallant Nelson over the French lleet, whichC0 “ v “>'® c fjA' 01i aparte to Egypt , August 1st, 1798.
ABOL1IGE, AL1UTISH, or ABOHl.BE, a town in Upperi?)’Pb near the Nile , where great quantities of poppies grow, of* A itn nal ' v . es make the best opium in the Levant ,i,-u ^ a silver coin struck in Poland , and worth about oneshilling sterling. It is current in several parts of Germany, Con-stantinople, Astracan , Smyrna, and Grand Cairo.
ABRABANEL , ABARBANEE, or AVRAVANEL, Isaac,a celebrated Rabbi, born at Lisbon in 1437, and descended fromking David. He was councellor to Alphonso V, king of Spain ,and afterwards to Ferdinand I, (but was obliged to leave it along withhis brethren the Jews , in 1492. He wrote a commentary on the O ldtestament, which is scarce; a Treatise on the Creation, whereinhe refutes Aristotle ’s notion cf the eternity of the world; anotheron the prophecies relating to the Messiah, against the Christians ;with a work concerning articles of faith, and some others of lessimportance. He died at Venice in 1508, aged 71.
ABRACADABRA, was the name of a god worshipped by theSyrians, and was recommended by Serenus Samonicus, as a ma-
? ical antidote against agues and several other diseases. * abracadabratwastobe written upon a piece of paper, as many times abraradabras it contains letters, omitting the last letter of abracadabIke former every time, as in the margin; * and re- abracadapeated in the same order, and then suspended about abracadthe neck by a linen thread. 'Phis was considered as abvacaa continual invocation of the Deity ’s aid, and though abracequally insignificant, was not more irrational, than abra
the superstitious practices of some, who call them- abr
selves Christians , of wearing various things in the abRopes of their operating by sympathy. a
ABRAHAM, [errott, ileb. i. e. Eatherof agreatmultitude,] theyoungest son of Terah , and the 10th in descent from Noah. Someauthors place his birth in the 70th, others in the 130th ) ear of hisfather’s age, and A. M. 2008. Abraham is said by Josephus , Eu-poiemus, and others to have been very learned, and to have taughtthe logyplians and Phoenicians , arithmetic, geometry, and astro-nomy; as well as to have written several books. In the lirst agesof Christianity , the Sethinians dispersed a work entitled Abraham'sRevelation; and a work on the Creation ascribed to him, whichis mentioned in the Talmud , was printed at Paris in 1352, andtranslated into Latin by Postel; as well as by Rittange), a con-verted Jew, professor at Konig'-berg, who published it with remarksm 1042. '■ Kircher says, that all the works composed by Abrahamm the plains of Mamre, are in the library of the monastry of (heHoly Cross, in mount Amaria in Ethiopia .
aBRAHAM, or IBRAHIM, a native of Antioch, the founderof the sect of Abrahamians, which see.
Abraham, Nicholas, a learned Jesuit, born at Toul , in Lor-raiiT, in 1589, who was 17 years professor of divinity in the uiiiver-sity of Pont-a-Mouson, and died in 1635. He wrote Notes onV irgil and Noimius, a Commentary on some of Cicero’s Orations,V °' S ’ a collection of Theological pieces in folio, entitled
* wu'us veter Us Testament!, and some other works.
ABRAHaMIANS, or ABRAHAM ITES, a sect of hereticalmonks m the 9th centuw, w ho were exterminated by Theophilus•or worshipping images, *
tb A t ^ AHAMITLS * another -sect of heretics, so denominated frominliie a . Ild Cal!ix ! b L the Arabs , Ibrahimiait. They arose
’ , ' 8th , aud renewed the errors of Paulus, but were
^APrik\'ts;i'rrro’i J )al ’kirch of Antioch. See Pauucians.
n ’ a >ina11 tw “ Hungary , Lon. ly. 50.
of temuSrchAbmham 615 ' *' high falher -3 The original name
ti^ N wv: ^w°M g i3:N Estremadar;v «"the P,.< or ABRAXAS, the name given to the Deity , b\
Srt whf i herel,CB - 11 ls a n >ya* composed of Creek , -K^re WdTf '° the , ? 05 ' l " 1 ' ^il'des taught
wut heavens between the empyrean heaven and
theeaith; eacli of w hich had its angel that created it, ea.chof whomagain was created by the next superior angel, thus ascending by.*scale to the supreme Creator, Abrasax was the brst principal, orprimogenial mind, among the Gnostics , who taught that from himproceeded the Logos, or word; from the Logos, Rhronesis, orprudence; from I’hronesis, Sophia and Dt/namis, or wisdom andstrength; and from these, other intelligencies to the number 365,each the regent of so many celestial orbs. Some authors alledgsthat the Basilidians concealed the doctrine of the Trinity under thisword,.and that the initials «, <?, ;, stand for the Hebrew words. Ab,Ben, Rouach, t. e. Father, Son, and Spirit. Wendeliu, of Tour-nay, improving upon this, explains the whole word thus,
a N Ab Pater. 1
b 3 Ben Films. 2
P 1 Rouach Ilakodosh Spiritus Sanctus..100
a Av9.ur.ut; homines.!.... 1
z Serf uv salvans.200
a Ayiu per sacrum. 1
s u-uxu lignum. 60
365 .
Abraxas, among antiquaries, an antique gem or stone, wi ji .the word abraxas engraven on it. There are many kinds of them,oi various ligures and sizes, mostly as old as the 3<1 century. 'I hey'were used as amulets, and were supposed to have great efficacy iixdriving away dies. On this, subject, see the Anti quite Expliqueeof lather Montfaucon.
ABRAUM, a name given by some writers to a species of redclay,, used in England by the cabinet makers, &c. to give a redcolour to new mahogany.
ABREAST , a sea term, expressing the situation of two or moreships, that he in a parallel direction. When the line of battle atsea is formed abreast, tire, whole squadron advances uniformly, theships being equally distant from ami parallel to each other.
ABREtRO, a town of Tra-los-montes, in Portugal . Lon. 7.10. W. Lat. 41. 20 .Jn..
ABRETTENE, or ABRET.TINE,. in ancient geography, a.district of Mysia, in Asia, , between Aucy va of Phrygia, and" tireriver Rhyndacus,from which the epithet Abrettenus was given toJupiter.
ABRETTENI, the inhabitants of Abrettene.
ABRIDGING, in algebra,.is the reducing of a compound,equation or quantity, to a more simple form, bee Algebra .
ABRIDGEMENT, signifies much the same with an epitome,,or abstract of a.large work.
Abridgement, m law, the shortening of a count, or declaration;lints, in assize,, a man is said to abridge his plaint, and a woman-her demand in action of dower, if any land is put therein, which ■}not in the tenure of the defendant; for on a plea of non-tenure, inabatement of the writ, the plainfitV may leave out those lands, andpray that the tenant may answer to the remainder. The reason isthat these writs run in general, and therefore shall be good forthere.!.
ABRINCATARUM OPPIDUM,. in ancient geography, thetown of the AbrincalAi or Abvincatut, now Avranches in France .Lon. 1. 10. \V. Lat. 48. 40. N.
ABH1ZAN, a least held by the ancient Persians , on the 13th.day of the month Tir, answering to our September. It was.prepa-ratory to die autumnal rains, on which account, at this feast they.-had a custom of pouring out water..
ABROGATION", in law, stands opposed to rogation: it is dis-<tingui-.hecl from derogation, which implies the taking aw ay only of.some part of a law ; from subrogation, which denotes the adding-ofa clause to it; from abrogation, which implies hunting qrny-straining it; from dispensation, w hicli only sets it aside in a particular-instance: and from antiquation, which is the refusing to pass a law.
ABHOHANNl, ABROANI,. or MALLEMOLU, a hi|$of muslin, or clear,.while, line cotton cloth, brought fn-m the F.aAIndies, particularly from Bengal; being in length 16 French ellpand 3 quartets, mid in breadth 5 eighths..
ABROLHOS, or ABROLKCJb, dangerous shoal?, aboutySC)miles from the coast of Brazil , and near the island of St. Barbe. .
ABROMA, in botany, a genus of the dodecai]dna..arder,handpolvadelphla class.. Calyx live-leaved; corolla live-petailed ; cap-sule live-celled; seed-winged. The species are two, a. angusta, and a.wheleri, natives of the East Indies, and ot the Cape of Good Hope .
ABROTONUM MAS