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Adder-wort, snukewood. See L’olygonum.

ADDEXTRATORES, or ADDEXTRARII, in the courtof Home, the pope’s mitre-bearers.

ADDICTI, in Roman antiquity, insolvent, persons, or thosewho being sentenced to pay a debt, but unable to do it, wereadjudged to a kind of temporary servitude to the creditor.

ADDICTIO, Addiction , in the Roman law, the makingover goods to another, either by sale or by legal sentence ; thegoods so delivered were called bona addicta. Debtors were some-times delivered over in the same manner.

Addictio in diem, among the Romans, the adjudging athing to a person for a certain price, unless by such a day theowner, or some other, gave more for it.

ADDISON Lancelot, a divine, was born at Crosby RavCns-wortli in Westmoreland, in 1(532. From Appleby school he wassent to Queen’s college, Oxford , where he took his degrees inarts. lie was chosen one of the lerrse-filii at the act in 1638, butbeing satirical on the men in power in his oration, he was obligedto ask pardon on his knees, lie soon after quilted Oxford , andlived retired till the Restoration, when he became chaplain to thegarrison at Dunkirk; and in 1663, to that at Tangier . Here-turned to England in 1670, and was made chaplain in ordinary tohis majesty. Soon after lie obtained the living of Milston, inWiltshire, and a prebend in the cathedral of Salisbury . In 1683,he was promoted to the deanry of Lichfield . Ilis writings, thechief of which are, “An Account of the present State of the Jews, ”and a “ Description of West Barbary,” shew him to have been a manof learning and observation. This worthy divine died on the20th of April 1703, and left three sons: Joseph , the subject ofthe next article; Gnlston, who died while governor of Fort StGeorge; Lancelot, master of arts, and fellow of Magdalene Col-lege in Oxford ; and one daughter.

Addison Joseph, son of the above, was born at Milston inWilts , May 1, 1672. After receiving the rudiments of educa-tion, he was sent to the Charter-house, where lie contracted anintimacy with sir Richard Steele . In 1687, he was admitted ofQueen’s college Oxford , but was afterwards elected demy at Mag-dalen. In 1693, he took his degree of M. A. and became emi-nent for his Latin poetry. At the age of 22, he addressed someverses to Dryden in English , and not long after published a trans-lation of part of Virgil’s fourth Georgie. About this time hewrote the arguments prefixed to the several books of Dryden’sVirgil, and composed the essay on the Georgies. In 1695, headdressed a poem to king William, which recommended him tolord Somers. In 1699, he obtained a pension of 300/. a year, toenable him to travel. He went through France and Italy , im-proving his mind to the best advantage, as appears from his Let-ter to Lord Halifax, reckoned the most elegant of his poeticalworks, and his Travels in Italy , which he dedicated at his returnto lord Somers. He returned home in 1702, and found his oldfriends out of place. In 1704, he was introduced by lord Hali-fax to lord Godolphin as a lit person to celebrate the victory ofBlenheim; on which occasion lie produced the Campaign,"forw hich he was rewarded with the place of commissioner of appeals.Next year he went to Hanover with lord Halifax, and soon afterwas appointed under-secretary of state. The rage for Italian ope-ras which (hen prevailed, induced him to write his Rosamond,which did not succeed, probably because it was English . Whenthe marquis of Wharton went to Ireland as lord-lieutenant, Ad-dison accompanied him as secretary, and was made keeper of therecords there, with a salary of 300/. a year. While he was inIreland, Steele commenced the Taller, to which Addison libe-rally contributed. This was followed by the Spectator, whichwas enriched by the < mtributions of Addison , w hose papers aredistinguished by one of the letters of the word CLIO. In 1713,his tragedy of Cato was brought upon the stage, amidst the plau-dits of both u higs and tories. Cato was praised by most of thecontemporary poets, criticised by Dennis, attacked as a partyplay at Oxford , and vindicated by Dr. Sewel. It was translatedinto Italian, and performed at Forence, and into Latin at the col-lege of St. Outers. At this time the Guardian appeared, to whichAddison contributed, and his papers are market! bv a hand. Butthe violence ot politics soon put a stop to this paper, and Addi-son engaged in the party warfare, but his political pieces sunkinto neglect. An attempt was made to revive the Spectator, butalter the publication of eighty numbers, w hich compose the eighth

volume, the work was relinquished. Addison’s quota amounts toabout a fourth part. In 1715, he began the Freenolder, and con-tinued it to the middle of the next year, in defence of the govern-ment. In 1716, he married the countess dowager of Warwick,after a long courtship. lie had been tutor to her son, but themarriage did not prove happy. In 1717, he became secretary ofstate, which place he soon resigned, on a pension of 1500/. a year.In his retirement he planned a tragedy on the death of Socrates ,which he abandoned for a work of a more exalted kind, A De-fence of the Christian Religion , part of which appeared after hisdeath, and makes us regret that lie did not live to perfect it. Healso laid the plan of an English dictionary in the manner since sohappily executed by Dr. Johnson . In 1719, he engaged in a po-litical dispute with Steele , on the peerage-bill, then brought in torestrain the king from creating any new peers, except in case ofthe extinction of an old family. Steel’s pamphlet was entitledThe Plcbean, and was calculated to alarm the people on the oc-casion; and Addison replied to it in another called The Old Whig,in which he contemptuouslystyled his opponent “ Little Dicky.”That year terminated his life, and he ended it in a manner suitableto his character. He sent for lord Warwick, and aiieclionatelvpressing his hand, softly said, “ See in what peace a Christian candie! ” After giving directions to Mr. Tickel respecting the pub-lication of his works, which he himself dedicated on ins death-bed to Mr. Graggs, he breathed his last, June 17, 1719, at Hol-land-house, leaving only one daughter, who died unmarried, in1797. Dr. Johnson , alter drawing his character in a forcible andelegant manner, says, “ whoever w ishes to attain an English stvle,familiar but not coarse, and elegant but not ostentatious, mustgive his days and nights to the volumes of Addison .” The anec-dote which follows was related by Dr. Birch. Addison and Mr.Temple Stanyan were very intimate. In the familiar conversationswhich passed between them, they were accustomed freely to dis-pute each others opinions. Upon some occasion, Mr. Addisonlent .Stanyan 5001. After this, Mr. Stanyan behaved with a timidreserve, "deference, and respect; not conversing with the samefreedom as formerly, or canvassing his friend’s sentiments. Thisgave great uneasiness to Mr. Addison. One day they happenedto fall upon a subject, on which Mr. Stanyan had always beenused strenuously to oppose his opinion. But, even upon this occa-sion, lie gave way to what his friend advanced, without interposing hisown view of the matter. This hurt Mr. Addison so much, that liesaid to Mr. Stanyan , “Either contradict me or pay me the money.”An elegant statue has lately been erected to his memory in W est-miiister Abbey.

ADD1TAMENTS, in chemisty and pharmacy, ingredientsadded to medicines already compounded.

ADDITION, in arithmetic, is the finding of a number equalto two or more numbers. The number found is called the sum ofthe others.

Addition, in law, a title given to a man over and above hisChristian name, and surname, shewing his estate, degree, occupa-tion, trade, age, place of abode, &c.

Addition, in algebra, See Alcehra.

Addition, character of, is -}-, which we usually express byplus. Tims 3-j-4 denotes the sum of 3 and 4; and is read 3plus 4. See Arithmetic, and Algebra .

Addition, in music, a dot marked on the right side of a note,signifying that it is to he sounded or lengthened half as much asit would have been without such a mark.

Addition of decimals, fractions, whole numbers, &c. SeeArithmetic

Additions, in distilling, such things as are added to the wash,or liquor, while in a state of fermentation, in order to improvethe vinosity of the spirit, procure a larger quantity of it, or giveit a particular flavour. See Distillation.

Additions, in heraldry, some things added to a coat of arms,as marks of honour; and therefore directly opposite to abatements.Among additions we reckon Hordure, Canton, Gyron, Pile,Quarter, &c. See these artic les.

Additions of Degree, are titles of dignity; as knight, lord,earl, marquis, and duke, See.

Additions of Estate, or Quality, are yeoman, gentleman,esquire, and such like.

Additions of Mystery, arc a man’s profession, such as pain-ter, unison, or the like added to his name.

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