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must he sluit out of heaven: “ Ex-cep' a man L>e born again hecannot see the kingdom of God, ” John iii. 3.
ADOPTIVE, in a general sense, signifies something adopted.Tims, we say, adoptive children, an adoptive book, Ac. Thislast is the title given by Menage to a book of elegies, or versesaddressed to him.
Adoptive is sometimes also used for borrowed or foreign: thuswe say adoptive hair, adoptive gods, fee. Besides their domesticgods, the Romans had a multitude of adopted ones, borrowedfrom foreign nations, chietly from the Egyptians; such as Isis,Osiris, Anubis , Apis, llarpocrales, Canopus, See.
Adoptive Arms are those which a person enjoys by the giftor concession of another, and to which lie was not otherwiseinlitled. They stand contradistinguished from arms of alliance.
ADOR, in antiquity, the same with adorea. See Adorea.
ADOR AT, a chemical weight of 4 pounds.
ADORATION, among the ancients, [from ad, to, and os,oris, the mouth,] literally signified, to apply the hand to themouth; Manum ad os admovere, q. d. to kiss the hand; this be-ing, in the eastern countries, one of the great marks of respectand submission. The Romans practised adoration at sacrifices,and other solemnities; in passing by temples, altars, groves, fee.The ceremony among the ancient Romans was thus: The de-votee having his head covered, applied his right hand to his lips, thefore-finger resting on his thumb, which was erect, and thus bow-ing his head, turned himself round from left to right. 1 he kissthus given was called oscuhnn labrutuyn.— 1 he Jewish mannerwas by prostration, bowing, and kneeling.— 1 The Christiansadopted the Grecian rather than the Roman method, and adoredalways uncovered. The ordinary posture of the ancient Chris-tians was kneeling, but on Sundays standing; and they had apecu-liar regard to the East.
Adoration, as addressed to princes, fee. has been variouslyperformed. The Persians adored by bending the knee, and fai-lin'* on the face at the prince’s feet, striking the earth with theforehead, and kissing the ground. This servile ceremony Conon refused to perform to Artaxerxes, and Callisthenes to Alexanderthe Great , as reputing it impious and unlawful. The adorationperformed to the Roman and Grecian emperors consisted in bow-ing or kneeling at the prince’s feet, laying hold of his purplerobe, and presently withdrawing the hand and kissing it.
Adoration, barbarous, denotes that used by heathen nations.The Phoenicians adored the winds, on account of the terrible ef-fects produced by them. The same practice was adopted by theGreeks, Persians , Romans, Ac. The Troglodites adored tortoi-ses ; the Scythians, swords; the Romans, axes; and the Arabs ,stones; the Indians adored vipers; the Bengalese and the Cana-dians , the sun. The Manta*, a Peruvian people, antiently adoreda huge emerald, by ottering to it emeralds of a lesser size; all ofwhich the priests kept for their own use. The Jews have beencharged bv heathens with adoring the vine, an ass’s head, &c.and by Christians , with adoring the book of the law; a chargewhich one of their rabbins, Manasseh Ben Israel , has been atgreat pains to remove. The adoration of the golden calf, intowhich they fell in the wilderness, seems to have been borrowedfrom the Egyptians; who payed adoration to cattle, plants,fishes, serpents, the crocodile, the ibis, leeks, onions, &c.
Adoration, in (he court of Rome , is used for the ceremonyof kissing the pope’s feet, which not only the people, but theGreatest prelates, and even princes made no scruple of performing.Protestants have hence taken occasion, and not without reason, tocharge the popes with excessive pride, and impiety.
Adoration is also applied to a method of electing a new pope,when the cardinals, instead of proceeding in the usual way, una-nimously fall down and adore one of their own number.
Adoration, Perpetual, is performed by a society of de-vout persons established in Romish countries, who take their turnsto pray before the eucharist, regularly relieving each other, sothat the service never ceases day nor night. See Acoemet/e.
Adoration, Relative, is that worship which is paid to anobject, as belonging to, or representative of another.
Adoration, Supreme, or Absolute, the highest degree ofreligious honour or worship w'hich is due to God alone. It istermed absolute, as rendered immediately to a being in considera-tion of his own essential perfections, and terminating in himself;and stands opposed to relative or mediate adoration.
ADOREA, in Roman antiquity, a word used in different sen-ses; sometimes for all manner of grain, sometimes for a kind ofcakes made of fine Hour, and offered in sacrifice; and finally fora dole or distribution of corn, as a reward for some service;whence by metonymy it is put for praise or rewards in general.
ADOSiSE, [probably from ad, to ami dorsa, backs,] in he-raldry, two figures or herrings, placed back to back.
ADOUR, a river of France , which rises in the mountains ofBigorre, and running N. by Tarbes through Gascony, falls intothe bay of Biscay, below Bayonne.
ADOXIA, Tuberous Moschalel, Hollow-root, or Inglorious;a genus of plants, order tetragynia; class octandria; natural or-der, Succulent *. Calyx two or three cleft, flat, persistent; co-rolla one flat petal, four or five cleft; capsule globular, four-celledbetween the calyx and corolla; seeds solitary and compressed.There is but one species, A. moschatellina, which is a native of’the woods in Britain, and several parts of Europe : the leaves andflowers smell like musk.
AD PON DUS OMNIUM, to the weight of the whole; anabbreviation among physicians, signifying, that the last prescribedingredient is to weigh as much as all the others put together.
AD QUOD DAMNUM, in the English law, a writ directedto the sheriff, commanding him to enquire into the damage whichmay befal the king, or other person, by granting certain privi-leges to a place, such as a fair, a market, or the like.
ADRA, a sea-port town of Granada in Spain , 47 miles S. E.of Granada , Lon. 2. 37. W. Lat. 36. 42. N.
ADRACHNE, a species of the strawberry tree. See Ar-butus.
ADRAGANTIi, in medicine, gum dragon. It distils by in-cision, from the trunk or roots of a plant which grows in Cundiaand Ada.
ADRAMM ELEfi'II, [^Samst, of tin, greatness, or mitt, acloak, and -^70, a king, Hel>. i. e. the king’s greatness, or cloak,]an idol of the Assyrians, (sometimes represented by the figure ofa peacock, sometimes by that of a mule,) to whom they sacri-ficed their children, bv tire, in the most cruel manner.ADRAMYTTENUS sinus, a part of the/Egean sea.ADRAMYTTIUM, now Audranuti; a town of Mysia Ma-jor, at the foot of Mount Ida.
ADRANUM, or HADRANUM, now Aderno : a town ofSicily, built by the elder Dionysius, at the fool of mount Aetna ,400 years before Christ.
ADRANUS, or 11ADRANUS, an idol, worshipped by theancient Sicilians.
Adranus, a river of Sicily , now called Finnic d'Aderno.'ADRASTEA, an epithet given to Nemesis, the goddess ofRevenge. It was taken from king Adrastus, who first erected atemple to that deity.
ADBASTIA Certamina, in antiquity, a kind of Pythian games, instituted by Adrastus king of Argos in the year of theworld 2700, in honour of Apollo, at Sicyon . These are to bedistinguished from the Pythian games celebrated at Delphi.
ADRASTUS, king of Argos, son of Tabus and Lysianissa,daughter of Polybius king of Sicyon , acquired great honour inthe famous war of Thebes , in support of Polynices his son-in-law, who had been excluded the sovereignty of Thebes byEteocles his brother, notwithstanding their reciprocal agreementADRIA, or 11 ADRIA, in ancient geography, a town inItaly , on the river Vomanus, in the territory of the Piceni.
Adria, in modern geography, a town of Italy , in the terri-tory of Venice , 27 miles S. S. \V. of Venice. Lon. 12. 5. E.Lat. 47). 8. N.
ADRIAN, or HADRIAN , Publius TEi.ius, the 15th em-peror of Rome. He was born at Rome , A. 1). 76, and left anorphan, at ten years of age, under the guardianship of Trajan ,and Cctdius Tatianus. lie accompanied I raj an in most of his ex-peditions, distinguished himself in the second war against theDaci, and was successively appointed quxstor, tribune of thepeople, praetor, governor of Pannonia , consul, and governor ofSyria. After the siege of Atra was raised, Trajan left him thecommand of the army, and afterwards adopted him. On Tra-jan ’s death, Adrian declared himself emperor, A. D. 117, madepeace with the Persians , and remitted the debts of the Romanpeople, which amounted to 22,500,000 golden crowns. No princetravelled more than Adrian; there being hardly one province in
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