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gin Mary with her infant son in the temple, joined with the vene-rable Simeon, in thanking God for him, and bearing testimony tohim, as the promised Messiah . It is wortli remarking, thatthese two early testifiers of onr Saviour’s mission, being bo(,li faradvanced in life, could not be liable to the most distant suspicionof collusion with Joseph and Mary, in palming a false Messiah ontheir countrymen ; as they had not the smallest probable chanceof living to see him grow up to maturity, and fulfil their prophe-cies, and therefore could have no interest in declaring a false-hood.

Anna, a province of Arabia Deserta, and one of the threeprincipalities into which it is divided. Also one of the chief citiesof the above principality, and formerly a famed market-town,situated on the W r . back of the Euphrates , in a fruitful and plea-sant soil, 130 miles \V. of Bagdad, and 120 S.S. W. of Moussol.

ANNALIS Ci-avis, the nail which the pnetor, consul, ordictator, drove into the wall of Jupiter’s temple annually uponthe Ides of September, to shew the number of years.

ANNALS, [aiumles, Lat.] in matters of literature, a species ofhistory, which relates events in the chronological order wherein theyhappened. They differ from perfect history in tliis, that annals area bare relation of what passes every year, as a journal is of whatpasses every day ; whereas history relates not only (lie transactionsthemselves, but also the causes, motives, and springs of actions.Annals require nothing but brevity', history demands ornament.Cicero informs us of the origin of annals: to preserve the memory'of events, the pontifex maximus, says he, wrote what passed eachyear, and exposed it on tablets in his own house, where everyone was at liberty to read : this they called annales maximi; andhence the writers who imitated this simple method of narratingfacts were called annalists.

ANNAMOOKA, one of the Friendly Islands , in the SouthSea.

ANNAN, the capital of Annandale, a district of Dumfries-shire in Scotland , on the river Annan.

ANNANDALE, a stewartry or district of Dumfries , of whichLochmaben castle was formerly the chief fortalice, is a fertilevale, 24 miles long, and about 14 miles broad. It formed a partof the Roman province of Valentia; and Severus’s wall endinghere, it abounds with Roman stations and antiquities. Annandaleis a marquisate belonging to the chief of the family of Johnston,whose crest is a winged spur; motto, Nonnunquam paratus.

ANNAPOLIS, the chief town in Maryland, in North Ame-rica . Long. 17. 20. \V. Lat. 39. 0. N.

Annapolis Royal, a town of Nova Scotia , seated in the hayof Fundy.

ANNATES , among ecclesiastical writers, a year’s income ofa spiritual living. These were, in ancient times, given to thepope throughout all Christendom, upon the decease of any' bishop,abt lot, or parish-clerk, anil were paid by his successor. In Eng-land, the pope claimed them first of such foreigners as he con-ferred benefices upon, by way of provision ; but afterwards theywere demanded of all other clerks on their admission to benefices.At the reformation they were taken from the pope, and vested inthe king; and finally, Queen Anne restored them to the church,by appropriating them to the augmentation of poor livings.

ANNE, Queen of Great Britain, daughter of James II . whenDuke of York, was born in 1664, and married to Prince Georgeof Denmark in 1683.. by whom she had several children, but sur-vived-them all. Upon the death of William III . March 8, 1702,she succeeded to the throne, and to a war with France , which wasprosecuted under her reign by the great Duke of Marlborough,with more glory than profit to this nation. Sire effected the longwished-for union between England and Scotland , which tookplace May 1st, 1707; and dying August 1st, 1714, was succeededby George Lewis Augustus, Elector of Hanover, as the direct de-scendant from James I. by his daughter Elizabeth, Queen ofBohemia.

ANNEALING, by the workmen called nealing, is particu-larly used in making glass; it consists in placing the bottles, &c.whilst hot, in a kind of oven or furnace, where they are sutferedto cool gradually ; they would otherwise be too brittle for u-e. Thedifference between unannealed and annealed glass, with respect tobrittleness, is verv remarkable. When an unannealed glass-vessel isbroken, it often Hies into a small powder, with a violence seemingly

very unproportioned to the stroke it has received. Annealing, is als»applied to the operation of heating metals and suffering them tocool again so as to restore their malleability. All metals have thesingular property of becoming hard and" unmalieable by beingfrequently struck with a hammer. Copper and gold are so muchaffected by hammering, that they soon begin to crack and split in-stead of being extended ; hence "this process must be often repeat-ed. Glass is one of those bodies which increase in bulk whenpassing from a fluid to a solid state. When it is allowed to crys-tallize regularly, the particles are so arranged, that it has a fibroustexture; it is elastic, and susceptible of long continued vibra-tions ; but when a mass of melted glass is suddenly exposed to thecold, the surface crystallizes, and forms a solid shell round the in-terior fluid parts: this prevents them from expanding when theybecome solid. They, therefore, have not the opportunity of a re-gular crystallization; but are compressed together with little mu-tual cohesion: on the contrary, they press outward to occupymore space, but are prevented by the external crust. In conse-quence of the effort of expansion in the internal parts, the greaternumber of glass drops burst in cooling; and those which remainentire are not regularly crystallized. *By the process of anneal-ing, the glass is kept for some time in a state approaching tofluidity; the heat increases the bulk of the crystallized part, andrenders it so soft, that the internal parts have the opportunity ofexpanding and forming a regular crystallization. Forged nonhas long been procured, by placing a mass of cast iron underlarge hammers, and making it undergo violent and repeated com-pression. A process is now used for converting cast iron intoforged, by heat alone. The cast iron is placed in an air furnace,and kept for several hours in a degree of heat, by which it isbrought near to a fluid state. It is then allowed to cool gradually,and is found to be converted into forged iron. This process isconducted under a patent; although, if Reaumur’s experimentsupon cast iron be consulted, it will appear not to be a new di>-covery.

ANNI Nubiles, i. e. marriageable years, in law, denotes themarriageable age of a woman, viz. after she has arrived at twelve.

ANNOBON, a small island of Africa , on the coast of Lo-ango.

ANNO Domini, [Lat.] In the year of oHr Lord; as, AnnoDomini, or A. D. 1751 ; that is, in the seventeen hundredth andfifty-first year from the birth of onr Saviour.

ANNOMINATION, in rhetoric, the same with what is other-wise called paronomasia. See Paronomasia.

ANNONA, in antiquity, denotes provision for a year of allsorts, as of flesh, wine, Ac. but especially of corn.

Annona, in botany, the custard apple: a genus of the poly-gynia order, and polyandria class; natural order, Coadunata'.Calyx three-leaved ; petals six, heart-shaped; anthers numerous,sitting on the receptaculum; berry large, roundish, unilocular;seeds numerous. There arc 28 species, natives of the East andWest Indies .

ANNONAY, a town of France in the department of Ardeche ,1? miles S. W. oi Vienne .

AN NOT, a small city of France , in the department of theLower Alps.

ANNOTATION , in matters of literature, a brief commen-tary, or remark upon a book or writing, in order to clear up somepassage, ®r draw some conclusion from it: thus the critics of thelast age have made learned annotations upon all the classics.

Annotation, in civil law, a kind of rescript or grant of theemperor, signed with his own hand.

Annotation, in medicine, denotes the first beginning of a.febrile paroxysm, when the patient grows chill, shudders, yawns,is drowsy, and the like.

ANN OTTO, or ARN OTT A ; See Ax err a,

ANNUAL Equation. See Equation.

Annual Leaves, as distinguished from evergreens, are suclias come up afresh in the spring, anil perish in winter.

Annual Motion of the Earth . See Astronomy.

Annual Plants, or simply Annuals, are such as only comeup in spring, and die in autumn. ; and therefore must be renewedeverv year.

ANNUITANT, he that possesses-or receives an annuity.

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VOL. I.—NO. 11.

ANNUITIES,