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blood, and a moderate portion of sharp sand. These three in-gredients, beaten thoroughly together and well spread, make afirm good floor, and of a beautiful colour. In elegant houses,the floors of this kind are made of Paris plaster, beaten and sifted,and mixed with other ingredients. This may be coloured to anyhue by the addition of proper substances: and, when well worked

and laid, makes a very beautiful floor. In country buildings,also, floors are frequently made of bricks and tiles. These, ac-cording to their shapes, may be laid in a variety of figures; andthey are also capable of some variation in colour, according tothe nature of the earth from which they were made. See Beam,Bridge, Fortification , Ship-building, &c.

ARCHITECTURE.. Military, the art of building castles,forts, &c. See Fortification .

Architecture, Naval, the art of building ships. See Ship-building.

ARCHITRAVE. See Architecture.

Architrave Doors, are those which have an architrave onthe jaumbs, and over the door upon the cap-piece, if straight; oron the arch, if the top be curved.

Architrave Windows, of timber, are commonly an ogeeraised out of the solid timber, with a list over it.

ARCI11TRICLINUS, in antiquity, the master or director ofa feast.

ARCHIVAULT, in architecture, the inner contour of an arch,or a band adorned with mouldings, running over the faces of thearch stones, and bearing upon the imposts. It has only a singleface in the 1’uscan order, two faces crowned in the Doric andIonic and the same mouldings as the architrave in the Corinthian and Composite

ARCHIVES, without a singular, [eirchiva, Lai.] (he placeswhere records or ancient writings are kept. It is perhaps some-times used for the writings themselves. The archives ot an-cient Rome were in the temple of Saturn; the archives of thecourt of chancery are in the rolls office. <

ARCHIVIST, ARCHIVISTA , a keeper of archives. InGreece and Rome this was an office of great dignity, and givenonly to men of the first rank.

ARCHI-ZUPANUS, [from and $W«yo;, governor,] a title

given to the prince or despot of Servia.

ARCH-MARSHAL, Archimariscallus. the grand marshalof the empire: a dignity belonging to the elector of Saxony , who,in that quality, goes immediately before the emperor, on publicsolemnities, bearing a naked sword. .

ARCH-MINISTER, [from and minister,] the prime-minister of a prince or state.

ARCH-NOTARY, [ urchinotarius , Lat.] the primecerius, orchief of the notaries.

ARCHONS, in Grecian antiquity, were magistrates of Athens ,appointed after the death of Codnis, and the abolition of royalty.See Attica. They were chosen from the most illustrious fami-lies till the time of Aristides, who got a law passed, by which itwas enacted, that in electing these magistrates, less regard shouldbe paid to birth than (o merit. The tribunal of the archons wascomposed of nine officers. The first was properly arthon ; bywhose name the year of his administration was distinguished. Th’etitle of the second was king ; that of the third, polemarchus: tothese were added six tliesmotheta-.

Archons , in modern history, divers officers, both civil andreligious, under the Greek emperors.

ARCHONTICI, ARCHONTICS, in church history, abranch of Valentinians, who maintained that the world was notcreated by God , but by angels called Archontes, or Arch-angels.They also denied the resurrection, and said that the Devil begatCain and Abel upon Eve, &c.

ARCHONT1UM, [ a jxwtiov,] denotes a dignity of the Greek Ichurch.

ARCH-PRIEST , or ARCH-PRESBYTER, was ancientlythe first person after the bishop; he was seated in the church nextafter the bishop ; and even acted as his vicar in his absence, as toall spiritual concerns. In the 6th century, there were found seve-ral arch-priests in the same diocese ; from which time some willhave them to be called deans.

ARCH-PRIOR, was a name sometimes given to the master ofthe order of Templars .

VOL. h,— no. 14.

ARCH-STONE. See Key-Stone , and Voussoir.

ARCH-SUBDEACON, Archisubdiaconus, the chiefamong the subdeacons, as the archdeacon is among the deacons.

ARCH! ELIN, a corn measure of Rotterdam , containing threepecks, five quarts, and about a pint.

ARCII-T REASUKER, the great treasurer of the late Gennaaempire.

ARCII\TAS of Tarentum, a Philosopher of the Pythago-rean sect, and the master of Plato, Eudoxas, and Philolaus : heflourished about A. C. 408. He was an excellent mathematicianand mechanic: he is said to have made a wooden pigeon, that couldfly, and is accounted the first who brought down mathematics u>common uses. lie is said to be the inventor of the ten catagories. Heasserted, that God was the beginning, the supporter, and the end,of all things. There are two epistles preserved in Diogenes Laer-tius, one from Archytas to Plato, and another from Plato to Ar-chytas. lie acquired great reputation in his legislative capacity.He likewise commanded the army seven times, and was never de-feated ; but w>as afterwards east away in the Adriatic Sea , andthrown upon the coast of Apulia .

ARCIGOVINA, a duchy of Dalmatia .

ARCILEUTO, Archilute , a long and large lute, havingits base strings lengthened after the manner of the theorbo, anaeach row doubled, either with a little octave or an unison. It isused by the Italians for playing a thorough bass.

ARClNiE Aves, in antiquity, birds which gave bad omens,either by their flight, noise, or manner of eating.

ARCO, a strong town and castle in the Trentin, on the riverSarea, 16 miles S. W. of Trent.

ARCONA, a strong town on the island of Rugen in the Baltic.

ARCOS, a strong city of Andalusia, in Spain , 28 miles N. E.of Cadiz . Cong. 5. 46. W. Eat. 36. i>2. N.

ARGOT, a large city of lndostan, 73 miles from Madras, and217 from Seringapatam . Long. 79. 0. E. Lat. 12. 30. N.ARCTAPELIOTES, theN.E. wind.

ARCTATIO, or ARGT1TUDO, a straituess of the intestines,constipated from inflammation.

ARCTIC , [from Gr.] in astronomy, an epithet given

to the north polo, because of the constellation ursa minor.

Arctic Circle is a lesser circle of the sphere, parallel to theequator, and 23° 28' distant from the north pole: whence itsname. This, audits opposite, the antarctic, are called the twopolar circles; and may be conceived to be described by the mo-tion of the poles of the ecliptic, round the poles of the equator,or of the world.

ARCTIUM, Burdock, a genus of the polygamia order, andsyngenesia class of plants; and in the natural order, Composita- ca-pitata:. Calyx globular imbricated ; compound flower, uniform, tu-bulated ; hermaphrodite corolluhe equal; proper flowers monopeta-lous, tubulous; no pericarpium, seed solitary. There are threespecies. A. lappa, A. personata, and A. tormentosum. 'I'hetender stems of the lappa, or common burdock, deprived of thebark, may be boiled and eat like'sparagus. When raw, they aregood with oil and vinegar.

ARCTOMYS, the marmot, in natural history, a genus of themammalia class of animals; generic character, front-teeth two ineach jaw, strong, sharp, and cuneated ; grinders in the upper jaw,five on each side, in the lower jaw four ; clavicles or collar-bonesperfect. This genus differs but little from the Mus tribe. Theyfeed on roots, grain, and fruits, which they often collect in heaps.They reside in subterraneous holes, and become torpid in the win-ter. * The head is gibbous, or rounded, with short ears, or none ;body thick ; tail short; hairy ; foie-feet four-toed, with a wry3 K short