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diseases; one of these |is a sulphurous spring, whose exhalationsrender the circumambient air extremely disagreeable. There arethree springs which produce as hot water as if it was boiling, andfrom which waters are conveyed to the public baths in the city.It is situated about 25 miles L. of Tauris. Long. 48. 20, E. Lat.38. 15. N.
ARDECHE, a department of France; named from the riverArdeche which falls into the Rhone .
ARDEN, a common name of forests among the ancient Celt *,it is formed of urd, high or great, and Veil or den either a hill orwood.
ARDENBURG, a town of the Netherlands , 10 miles N. E.of Bruges . Lon. 3. 30. E. Lat. 51. 16. N.
ARDENNES, a department of France , named from the forestArdennes , formerly of vast extent; but now its limits are fromThionville, near the county of Liege, to Donchery and Sedan ,■on the confines of Champagne .
ARDENTES, in authors of the middle age, an appellationgiven to those afilicted with the Erysipelas ; so called, as seemingto be scorched by the disease.
ARDENT Fever, [ ardens, burning, Lat.] a burning fever.
ARDENT Spirits : spirits distilled from fermented vegeta-bles, so called because they will take fire and burn ; such asbrandy, rum, arrack, spirit of wine, &c.
ARDES, a peninsula of Ireland, in the county of Down .
Ardes, a town of France , in the department of Puvs-de-Dome.Lon. 3. 10. E. Lat. 45.22. N.
ARDFEltT, a town of Ireland , and the ancient capital ofKerry. Lon. 9. 40. W. Lat. 52. 16. N.
AltDISIA, a genus of the monogynia order, and pentandriaclass. Calyx five-leaved; corolla, one-petaled, five-parted,reflex; anther* erect, large; stigma simple; seed solitary. Ithas nine species.
ARDMILLAN Spa, a chalybeate water of Ireland , in Castle-reagh, in the county of Down .
ARDOR Ventkiculi, aheat of the stomach, called the heart-burn, or cardialgy.
ARDRA, or ARDRAH, a small kingdom of Africa, in■Guinea: it lies at the bottom of the gulph of St. Thomas.
ARDRAH, or ARDRES, the capital of the above kingdom.Lon. 3.5. E. Lat. 6. 0. N.
ARDRES, a small but strong town of France in the depart-ment of the Straits of Calais. Lon. 2. 0. E. Lat. 50. 50. N.
ARDS, a barony in the county of Down in Ireland .
ARDUBA, an ancient city of the Pannonians . It was takenby Gevmanicus about the 7th year of the Christian sera.
ARDUINA, Bastard Lycium, a genus of the pentandriamonogynia class and order; corolla, one-petalled; stigma bifid;berry double-celled; seed single. It has one species, a native ofthe Cape of Good Hope .
AREA, [from were, to be dry, Lat.] in architecture denotesthe space or site of ground on which an edifice stands. It is alsoused for inner courts, and similar portions of ground.
Area, in geometry, the superficial contents of any figure,or the quantity of its surface,
Area, in medicine, a disease which makes the hair fall off.The area is a general kind of depilation; and is distinguishedinto two species, Alopecia , and Ophiasis.
Area, in Optics. See Field.
AREB, a kind of imaginary money used in the dominions ofthe great mogul. Four arebs are equal to one cron, or 100 lacs;one lac to 100.000 roupees.
ARECA, the Fausei,-nut, a genus of the order of palmspennatifolix. Male calyx, a spatha acuminated, petals three; sta-mina nine; female calyx, and corolla like the male; drupe sub-oval, with an imbricated calyx; seed oval. There are threespecies: the A. cathecu, and A. oryzxformis, natives of the EastIndies, are slender beautiful palms, the fruit is used for chewingwith the betal leaf, the first is the cabbage tree of the EastIndies.
The A. Oleracea, ortrue cabbage palm, found in the West-Indies , is the most beautiful, and perhaps the tallest, of all trees.The trunk is perfectly straight, and marked with rings atthe vestigke of the footstalks of the leaves. Near the groundit, is about seven feet in circumference; but. tapers as it
ascends, and attains the height of 170 or 200 feet. See PlateXXVI.
ARELAS, ARELATE, or ARELATUM, a town of GalliaNarbonensis, situated on the Rhone, and is now called Arles .Lon. 4. 43. E. Lat. 43.41. N.
AREMBERG, a count)' of Germany, in the circle of West-phalia . The capital has the same name, and is about 24 miles S.of Cologne . Lon. 7. 3. E. Lat. 50. 57. N.
AREN A, [arena, sand, Lat.] in anatomy, gravel bred in thehuman body.
Arena, in antiquity, a place where the gladiators fought; socalled from its being always strewed with sand.
Arena, in architecture, the middle of atemple, comprehend-ing the whole space between the antx and the extreme wall of thebuilding.
ARENARIA, Sandwort, a genus of the decandria trigyniaclass ; and in the natural order, Caryophilla. Calyx five-leaved,open; petals five, entire; capsule unilocular ; seeds many. Thereare 36 species.
ARENARH, in autiquity, gladiators who combated withbeasts in the arena, or amphitheatre.
ARENARIUM, in ecclesiastical writers, a cemetery or bury-ing.ground.
ARENS, or ARENSHARDE, a district of Denmark , in theduchy of Sleswick.
ARENS BERG, a county of Germany, in Westphalia .
Arensberg, a small town of Germany , inWestphalia, upon theriver Koer. Lon. 8. 20. E. Lat. 58. 15. N.
ARENSBOURG or ARENSBURG , an episcopal and mari-time town of Livonia in Sweden , m the isle of Osel. Lou. 22.40. E. Lat. 58. 15. N.
ARENSWALDE, a town of Germany , seated on the lakeSlauin, on the frontiers of Pomerania . Lon. 15. 32. E. Lat. 53.13. N.
AREOLA, the coloured circle around the nipple of the breast.See Anatomy.'
AREOMETER. See Araeometer.
AREOPAGITES, Athenian judges, members of the court ofAreopagus.
AREOPAGUS, a sovereign tribunal at Athens , famous for thejustice and impartiality of its decrees, to which the gods them-selves are said to have submitted their differences. The courtwas situated in the town, on a rock or a hill opposite to the cita-del. The word signifies strictly, the rock of Mars . The edificeof the Areopagus was extremely simple ; and its roof, which wasat first of the most common materials, remained in that state tillthe time of Augustus. 'Phis we learn from Vitruvius. Orestes was the first who thought of embellishing it. Ile.raised in it analtar to Minerva. He likewise adorned it with two seats of solidsilver; on one of which the accuser sat, and the accused on theother. The one seat was consecrated to Injury, and the other toImpudence. This religious sketch was brought to perfection byEpimenides , who erected altars to those allegorical deities, andsoon after a temple, which Cicero mentions in his second book oflaws. This temple corresponded with that which Orestes hadbuilt to the Furies, who brought him to Athens , and procured himthe protection of Minerva. Epimenides dedicated it a secondtime to the Furies , or severe goddesses, as they were termed bythe Atiienians. Solon , if not the institutor of this tribunal, has atleast the honor of its restoration ; and he attached so much au-thority to this court that it became the main spring of the govern-ment. The senate assembled in a ball built on the summit of abill, which was ascended with difficulty by the old men bent withage. For some time they only assembled on the three last daysof each month, but public affairs multiplied to such a degree,that they were succeeded by an assembly every day. Theirmeetings were so regular, that they were not interrupted by themost solemn festivals, till Cephisordorus was archon, who, in thethird year of the 105th Olympiad, made a decree, which obligedthe Areopagites , to celebrate, after the example of other courts,the Apaturian feasts which lasted five days. This assiduous andpainful exercise of their office made the Areopagites feel all theinconvenience of the situation of their tribunal, and determinedthem to remove it to a part of the city called the Royal Portico,It was a square exposed to ail the inclemency of the weather,When the judges who assembled there in profound silence, had.
taken