ARITHMETIC.
S3 1
231 cubit inch.—a gallon.
10 gall —an ankiT.
18 gall.—a amulet.
31 j gall.—a barrel.
Tie this measure, wines, brandies, spirits, perry, cyder, mead,vinegar, oil, and honey are measured.
Of Ai.f. and Beer Measure.
Pints. Gallons. Firk. KiUlerk. Bar. Ilhd.
8 I
08 8£ 113ti 17 2 l
272 34 4 2 1
408 51 6 3 1| 1
The ale gallon contains 282 cubic inches.
Tn London, the ale lirkin contains eight gallons, and the heeffirkin i.ine ; the other measures above it being decreased and in-creased in the same proportion.
Of Dry Measure.
O
*3
£
n
O
25
£?
9?
if.
2
n
ft
©
. a
If)
F
V 1
8
1
16
2
l
64
S
4
1
256
32
16
4
i
512
64
32
8
2
i
2560
320
160
40
10
5
5120
640
320
SO
20 •
10
2
The gallon dry measure, contains 26Sf cubic inches. At Lon-don 3(3 bushels of coals make a chaldron. A bushel water mea-sure is 5 pecks.
Bv dry measure all dry wares, such as corn, seeds, fruits, roots,sand", salt, coals, oysters, muscles, cockles, Ac.aire measured.
Rule 1. Place the numbers of the same denomination undereach other according to the directions given in simple addition.
2. Add up the figures in the lowest denomination as in simpleaddition.
3. Find how many units of the next higher denomination arecontained in the sum, by dividing it by so many of this name asmake one of the next, or any other way.
4. Write the remainder or overplus underneath, and carry theones or units to the figures in the next denomination, whose sumyou must find and proceed with as before ; and soon, through allthe denominations to the highest, whose sum must be all writtendown, which together with the several remainders, will expressthe total required.
Examples.
Compound Subtraction.
(20.) Compound Subtraction is the finding the difference be-tween! two numbers, of which one or both are compound.
Rule 1 . Write the less number under the greater, as directedin compound addition.
2. Then, beginning at the least denomination, subtract the un-der number of each from the upper, writing their respective r >mainders below them.
3. But if the under number of any of the denominations liegreater than the upper, add so many to the upper as make oneof the next higher denomination ; then take the under from thesum, writing down the remainder as before, and carry or add ontito the under number of the next higher denomination before vonsubtract it.
Minutes.
60
1440
Hours.
1
24
Days.
1
Weeks.
Month.
100S0
168
7
1
40320
672
28
4
1
The minute is divided into 60 seconds, and the second may liesupposed to be divided into 60 thirds, Ac.
Example I. Of Reduction Descending.
IIow many minutes in 29 days 12 hours 45 minutes, or a lunarmonth ?
2<) days. 12 horns. 45 minutesx24
1,28
58
708
60
42525
Example II. Of Reduction Ascending.
C. qr. Ib.12 3 19
4 3 24
7 3 23
Examples.
A. R. P.15 2 2412 2 36
2 3 23
Compound Multiplication.
(21.) Compound Multiplication is the timing of a numberwhich shall contain a given compound number any proposednumber of times.
Rule 1 . Write the multiplier under the lowest denominationof the multiplicand.
2. Multiply the number of the lowest denomination by the mul-tiplier, and find how many units of the next higher denominationare contained in the product, as in compound addition.
3. Write down the excess, and carry the ones to the product'of tiie next higher denomination, with which proceed as be-fore ; and in like manner with all the other denominations to thehighest.
Examples.
L. s. d. miles, far. poles.
7 9 8| 31 3 12
7 11
IIow manv pounds, Ac. in 356S2 pence?12)35682
52 7 9}
See Practice, Rule 1.
341 4 12
2,0)297, 3s. 6 d.
148 /. 13 s. 6 d.
Compound Addition.
(19.) Compound addition is the finding the sum of several com-pound numbers. <f
Compound Division.
(22.) Compound Division is the dividing of compound number*,into any proposed number ot equal parts.
Rule 1. Place the divbor and dividend, as in simple division.
2. Begin althe highest denomination and divide each by the di-visor, writing the quotients under their respective dividends.
3. But it there be a remainder after dividing any of the deno-
minations