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lodger's n-.t to bo considered as bis outer doer. No officer shallcarry his prisoner to any tavern w ithout his 'consent, r.or to gaolwithin 24 hours after his arrest, unless he refuse to goto some safehoti-e. in criminal cases, the causes of suspicion which justifythe arrest of a person for felony are, the common fame of thecountry, the living a vagrant, idle, disorderly life, without anyvisible means to support it; the being in company with a knownoffender at the time of the offence ; the being found in circum-stances which induce a strong presumption of guilt; behaviourbetraying a consciousness ot guilt; and the being pursued byline and cry. But none of these causes will justify the arrestinga man for the suspicion of crimes, unless a crime has been actuallycommitted.
Arrest ot judgment, inlaw, the assigning just reason whyjudgment should not pass : as, Want of notice of the trial ; amaterial defect in the pleading ; when the record differs from thedeed impleaded; when persons are misnamed; where more isgiven bv the verdict than is laid in the declaration, &c. Thisinav In-done either in criminal or civil causes.
ARRESTAND1S bonis ne dissipentur, a writ which lies forhim whose cattle or goods are taken by another, who, during theControversy is likely to make away with them, and will hardlybe able to give satisfaction for them afterwards.
ABB ESTAN DO ipsum, qui pecuniam recepit ad proficisccn-dum in obsequium regis, See. is a w rit which lies for the appre-hension of him that hath taken bounty-money to serve in theking’s wars, ami hides himself w hen he should go.
ARREST O facto super bonis, &c. a writ brought by adenizen against the goods of aliens found within this kingdom,as arecompence for goods taken from him in a foreign country.
ARRHABONAR1I, [from earnest,] a sect of Christi-
ans , who held that the eucharist is neither the real flesh or bloodof Christ, nor yet the sign of them ; but only the pledge orearnest thereof.
ARRHEPHOKIA, a feast among the ancient Athenians ,instituted in lvonour of Minerva, and Ilerse daughter of Cecrops .The word was composed of rejpilov, mystery, and <ps=w, l carry';on account of certain mysterious things which were carried inprocession at this solemnity.
ARllIAN, a famous philosopher and historian under Adrianand the two Antonines, was born at Nicomedia in Bithynia. Hisgreat learning and eloquence procured him the title of Thesecond Xenophon ; and raised him to the consulship and mostconsiderable dignities at Rome . His four books of Dissertationsupon Epictetus , whose scholar he had been; and his History ofAlexander the Great , in seven books,are admivedby the best judges.
ARR1EGE, a department of France , bounded on the S. bythe Pyrenees . It is so named from the river
Arriege, which rises among the Pyrenees , and falls into theGaronne, near Toulouse . Gold dust has been found among its sands.
AR.ROE, a small island of Denmark, in the Baltic Sea , alittle S. of Funen . Lon. 10. 20. E. Eat. 55. 10. N.
ARROJO de St. Servan, a town of Spain, in Estremadura ,8 miles S. of Merida .
ARRON DEE, in heraldry, a cross, the arms of which arecomposed of sections of a circle, not opposite to each other, soas to make the arms bulge out thicker in one part than another;but the sections of each arm lying the same way, so that the armis every where of an equal thickness, and all of them terminatingat the edge of the escutcheon like the plain cross.
ARROW, in fortification, is the work placed at the saliantangles of the glacis, and consists of two parapets, each forty toiseslong.
Arrow, in surveying, is used for small straight sticks abouttwo feet long, shod with iron ferrils. Their use is to stick intothe ground at the end of the chain.
ARS, [Eat. from » 5 <>r, utility, Gr.] Art. The word is oftenconjoined with adjectives expressing particular, real, or pretendedarts ; such as,
L Ars notoria, a pretended manner of acquiring sciences byinfusion, without any application, except fasting, and performingceitain ceremonies. This art was condemned by the Sorbonne,A. D. 1320,
2. Ars ihf.ssat.ica, the Thessalian art, is used by ancientwriters, for a species of magic, whereby it was pretended theycould draw the moon and stars out of heaven 1
ARSAMAS, a town of Russia , in the territory of Morduates,300 miles S. by E. from Moscow .
ABSCHIN, a, long measure used ill China , to measure stuffs ;fourarschins make three yards English .
ARSCIIOT, a town of France , on the Denier, 4 miles E. ofMechlin. Eon. 4. 45. E. Eat. 51. 5. N.
ARSENAL, a repository of things requisite to war ; a magazineof military stores.
ARSEX1ATES, a genus of salts formed from arsenic acid andsome base; as arseniates of potash, of soda, of lime, &c.
ARSENIC, one of the semi-metals, in a combined state, or inthe state of an ore, extremely fatal as a poison, whence its name :(composed of avi;, a man, and viww, to kill.) It is commonly seenin the state of a calx, oxide, or ore, the natural colour of which iswhite. Mr. Brandt demonstrated its peculiar nature; and sincethat time it has always been considered as a distinct metal, to whichthe term arsenic has been appropriated. See Chemistry.
ARSENOTHEFTS, [from ugi-w and 6nsv;, male and female,]the same with hermaphrodite.
ARSINOE , in ancient geography, the name of fifteen towns',mentioned by Strabo, Ptolemy', Stephanus , &c.
ARSIS and thesis, in music, is a term applied to compositionsin which one part rises and the other falls.
ARSE-SMART. See Peiisicaria.
ARSON, in English law, is the malicious and wilful burning ofthe house or out-house of another man ; which is felony at com-mon law. ’Phis is an offence of very great malignity, and muchmore pernicious to the public than simple theft; because, first, itis an offence against that rignt of habitation which is acquired bythe law of nature as well as by the laws of society : next,because of the terror and confusion that necessarily attendsit; and, lastly, because in simple theft the tiling stolen only-changes its master, but still remains in esse for the benefit of thepublic ; whereas by burning the very substance is absolutely de-stroyed.—It is also frequently more destructive than murder itself,of which too it is often the cause : since murder, atrocious as it is,seldom extends beyond the felonious act designed; whereas firetoo frequently involves in the common calamity persons unknownto the incendiary, and not intended to be hurt by him, and friend*as well as enemies.
ARSURA , in ancient customs, a term used for the melting goldor silver, either to refine them, or to examine their value.
Arsura , in medicine, is used by some writers, for the erysipelas.
Arsura , in metallurgy, is used for the dust and sweepings ofsilver-smiths, and others, who work in silver, melted down ; andwhich they call their sweep.
ART, a proper disposal of the things of nature by hu-man thought and experience, so as to answer the several pur-poses of mankind: in which sense art stands opposed to nature.Art is principally used fora system of rules serving to facilitate theperformance of certain actions; in which sense it stands opposed toscience, or a system of speculative principles.
ARTS, are commonly divided into useful, or mechanic, andliberal, or polite. The former are those wherein the hand andbody are more concerned than the mind : of which kind are mostof those which furnish us with the necessaries of life, and are com-monly known by the name of trades; as baking, brewing, car-pentry, smilhery, weaving, Sec. The latter are such as dependmore on the labour of the mind than that of the hand; they arethe produce of the imagination, their essence consists in expression,and their end is pleasure. Of this kind are poetry, painting, music,&c. These last are also termed the line arts. But indeed thislast class might admit of a subdivision. Under the term Fine Artsfor instance, we would comprehend only those, which along withthe exertions of the imagination require also a high degree of deli-cate manual or mechanical labour ; such as painting, engraving,sculpture, statuary, Sec. to which may be added those which alsoinclude utility, such as architecture, surgery, Sec. To the classof polite Arts, properly and principally belong music, dancing,and dramatic action ; and under the term Liberal arts, we wouldcomprehend poetry, grammar, logic, criticism, rhetoric, dramaticwriting, and every other literary art, which requires no exertionwhatever of the hand or limbs, excepting the mere use of the pen.But by most authors all these arts are confounded under the generaltitle fine, liberal, or polite arts. The exertion of national spiritupon any particular art, promotes activity to prosecute othe; arts.