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culine, full of good sense, and valuable for the matter it contains.It is frequently very acute and smart, especially where lie ixposeithe errors of other physicians; and always nervous. It is veryprobable that Cadi us Aurelianus flourished before Galen , since itis not conceivable that he should mention, as he does, all the phy-sicians before him, great as well as small, and yet not make theleast mention of Galen . We are obliged to him for the know-ledge of many dogmas, which are not to be found but in his books,“ De celeribus et tardis Passionibus.” The best edition of thesebooks is that published at Amsterdam , 1722, in 4to. He w rote,a3 he himself tells us, several other works ; but they have ail pe-rished.

Aurelianus, Lucius Domitius, emperor of Home, was one of the greatest generals of antiquity, and commanded the armiesof the emperor Claudius II . whom he succeeded, A. D. 270. liewas a native of Dacia, born of obscure parentage, and was electedemperor in the 55th year of his age. He was a man of amazingcourage, and had risen through ait the gradations of military duty.'In one engagement he is said to have killed 40 of the enemy withhis own hand ; and, in the various battles in which he was engag-ed, above 900 in allHe carried the war from the E. to the VV .with as much facility, says a modern writer, as a body of troops'marches from Alsace into Flanders. lie defeated the Goths ,Sarmatians, Marcomanni, the Persians , Egyptians, and Vandals ;conquered Zenobia queen of the Palmyrenians, and Tetricus ge-neral of the Gauls ; both of whom graced his triumph in 274.He shewed great clemency to Queen Zenobia , although he de-stroyed her city ; for he gave her lands and an income sufficientto maintain her in all the splendor of her former royalty, w ithoutthe trouble of it. His severities, however, were at last the causeof his destruction. lie was assassinated A. D. 275, after a veryactive reign of five years, when he was just preparing to enterPersia with a great army.

AUItENGABAD, or AURUNGABAD, a city in the EastIndie;, capital of the province of Balagate, in the dominions of theGreat Mogul. Lon. 76. 50. E. Lat. 20. 10. N.

AUREOLA, originally signified a jewel, proposed as a rewardof victory in some public dispute. Painters use it to signifythe crown of glory with which they adorn the heads of saints,confessors, &c.

AUREUS, a Roman gold coin , equal in value to 25 denarii•or 100 sesterces. According to Ainsworth, the aureus of thehigher empire weighed near five pennyweights ; and in the lowerempire, little more than half that weight.

AUIUCK, a city of Germany, in Westphalia . Lon. 7. 12. E.Lat. 53. 28. N.

AURICLE, [ auricula , Lat.] the external ear, or that partof the ear which is prominent from the head. 2. Tw o appendagesof the heart; being two muscular caps, covering the two ventri-cles thereof; thus called from the resemblance they hear to theexternal ear. See Anatomy.

AURICULATED Leaf, in botany, is a leaf which has alobe on each side towards the base.

AURIFLAMMA, in the French history, a standard belong-ing to the abbey of St. Dennis, suspended over the tomb of thatBaint, which the religious, on occasion of any war in defence oftheir lands or rights, took down,, with great ceremony, and gaveit to their protector or advocate, to be borne at the head of theirforces. Hence the word is sometimes used to denote the chiefflag or standard of an army.

AURIGA, The Waggoner, in astronomy, a constellationcf the northern hemisphere, consisting of 46 stars.

AUR1S, the ear. See Anatomy.

AURISCALPUM, an instrument to clean the ears.

AURORA, in the mythology, the goddess of the morning,was the daughter of Hyperion and Theia, according to He-siod, but of Titian and Terra, according to others. Itwas under this name that the ancients deified the light whichforeruns the rising of the sun above our hemisphere. The poetsrepresent her as rising out of the ocean in a chariot, with rosy lin-gers dropping gentle dew.

Aurora, is also used for the morning twilight, or that faintlight which appears iu, the morning w hen the sun is within 18 ° ofthe horizon.

Aurora, one of the New Hebrides islands in the South Sea.The middle lies in Lon.. 16S. 24. E. Lat, 15. 6. S.

Aurora Australis, southern light, or streamers, similar to-the Aurora Borealis, or Northern Light , only more clear andwhite. Se? Aurora Borealis .

Aurora Borealis, Northern Light , or Streamers; a kind ofmeteor appearing in the northern parts of the heavens, moAly inthe winter-time, and in frody weather. In the arctic regions itappears most remarkable, particularly during the solstice. ^In theShetland islands , the merry dancers, as they are there called, aiethe constant attendants of'clear evenings. 'I'hey commonly ap-pear at twilight near the horizon, of a dun colour, approaching loyellow; sometimes continuing for several hours, without any sen-sible motion ; after which they break out into streams of strongerlight, spreading into columns, and altering slow ly into ten thou-sand different shapes, varying their colours from all the tints ofyellow to the obscurest russet. They often cover the whole he-misphere, and then make the most brilliant appearance. Theirmotions at these times are most amazingly quick ; and they asto-nish the spectator with the rapid change of their form. 'Theybreak out in places where none were seen before, darting alongthe heavens; are suddenly extinguished, and leave behind anuniform dusky tract. This'again is brilliantly illuminated in thesame manner, and as suddenly left a dull blank. Sometimes theyassume the appearance of vast columns, on one side, of the deepestyellow, on the other declining away till it becomes undistiaguish-able from the sky. They have generally a tremulous motion,from end to end, which continues til! the whole vanishes. In a.word, we, who only see the extremities of these northern pheno-mena, have but a faint idea of their splendour and their motions.According to the state of the atmosphere, they differ in colours.They often put on the colour of blood, and make a dreadful ap-pearance. r l he rustic sages become prophetic, and terrify theazing spectators with the. dread of war, pestilence, and famine,"his superstition was not peculiar to the northern islands; nor arethese appearances of recent date. The ancients called them,Chasmata, and '1 rabes, and Bolides, according to their forms orcolours. Thomson has described this phenomenon with muchbeauty and accuracy in his Seasons:

“ Silent from the north,

A blaze of meteors shoots; ensweeping firstThe lower skies, they all at once convergeHigh to the crown of Heaven, and all at onceRelapsing quick, as quickly reascendAnd mix and thwart, extinguish and renew,

All wilier coursing in a maze of light..”

In the northern latitudes of Sweden and Lapland , the auroraboreales are not only.singularly beautiful in their appearance, hutafford travellers, by their almost constant effulgence,' a verv beau-tiful light during the whole night. In Hudson’s Bay, the’ auroraborealis diffuses a variegated splendour, which is said to equalthat of the full moon. In. the north-eastern parts of Siberia , ac-cording to the description of Gmel'in, these northern lights areobserved to “ begin with single bright pillars, ri.dng in tin; north,and almost at the same time in the north-past, which gradually in-creasing, comprehend a large space of the heavens' rush aboutfrom place to place with incredible velocity, and finally, almostcover the whole sky up to the zenitly and produce an appearanceas if a vast tent was expanded in the 'heavens, glittering with gold,rubies, and sapplure. A more beautiful spectacle cannot bepainted ; but whoever should see such a northern light for theiirat time, could not behold it without terror. For however finethe illumination may he, it is attended, as I have learned fromthe relation of many persons, with such a.-hissing, cracking, andrushing noise through the air, as if the largest tire-works wereplaying off. To describe what they then hear, they make use ofthe expression “ spoloehi chodjat, that is, “ the raging host ispassing.” Similar lights, called aurorx australes, have been longsince observed towards the south pole, and their existence hasbeen more lately ascertained by Mr. Forster, who assures us thatin his voyage round the world with Captain Cook , he observedthem in high southern latitudes, for several successive nights, andthat they were of a lighter colour, though in other respects the-same as those-seca iu tlie north. Mr. Dalton, who has paid con-siderable attention .to meteorology, gives the following account ofthe appearances of the aurora bore-ales :—They come multh - fourdifferent descriptions. 1. A horizontal light, like the break ofday. 2.. Fine slender luminous beams, well-defined, and of dense

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