B A R

BAR

387

fellow of the Royal Society . In 1664 he gave up the Greshamprofessorship, on being appointed Lucasian professor of mathe-matics at Cambridge, which chair lie resigned in 1609 to his pupilMr. Isaac Newton . In 1670 he was created D. D. and two yearsafterwards appointed master of Trinity college; on which, occa-sion the king, "’ho was well acquainted with the doctor’s extensivelearning, said, “ that he had given it to the most learned manin England.” In 1675 he served the office of vice-chancellor. II isworks are numerous. Those in English were published by doctorTillotson, in 3 vols, folio, 1682. King Charles II . used to say thathe w'as an unfair preacher, because he exhausted every subject onwhich he discoursed. His sermons are inestimable. The doctor’sworks are very numerous, and such as do honour to the Englishnation. They are, 1. Euclid’s Elements. 2. Euclid ’s Data. 3. Op-tical Letters, read in the public school of Cambridge . 4. ThirteenGeometrical Letters. 5. The Works of Archimedes, the fourBooks of Apollonius’s Conic Sections, anti 'Theodosius ’s Sphericsexplained in a new method. 6. A Lecture, in which Archi-medes ’s Theorems of the Sphere and Cylinder are briefly demon-strated. 7. Mathematical Lectures, read in the public schools ofthe University of Cambridge. These were all printed in Latin ;and his English works are printed together in 4 vols. folio.—“ The name of Dr. Barrow (says Mr. Granger) will ever be il-lustrious for a strength of mind and a compass of knowledge thatdid honour to his country. lie was unrivalled in mathematicallearning, and especially in the sublime geometry ; in which hehas been excelled only by his pupil the great Sir Isaac Newton .The same genius that seemed to' be born only fo bring hiddentruths to light, to rise to the heights or descend to the depths ofscience, would sometimes amuse itself in the flowery paths ofpoetry, and he composed verses both in Greek and Latin . Heat length gave himself up entirely to divinity; and particularlyto the most useful part of it, that which has a tendency to makemen wiser and better. He has, in his excellent sermons on tiieGreet!, solved every difficulty, and removed every obstacle toour faith, and made Divine revelation as clear as the demonstrationsin his own Euclid . In his sermons lie exhausted his subject; andhis admirable Discourse on the Duty and Reward of Bounty to thePoor, took him up three hours and an half in preaching. Thisexcellent person, who was a bright example of Christian virtue,as well as a prodigy of learning, died on the 4th of May 1677,in the 47th year of his ageand was interred in Westminster-abbey, where a monument, adorned with his bust, was soon aftererected, by the contribution of his friends.--Among other in-stances of his wit and vivacitv, is related the following rencontrebetween him and that wicked wit lord Rochester. These twomeeting one day at the court, while the doctor was king’s chaplainin ordinary, Rochester, thinking to banter him, with a flippantair, and a low formal bow, accosted him with, “ Doctor, Iam yours to my shoe-tie ;” Barrow, perceiving his drift, and de-termined upon defending himself, returned the salute, with,“ My lord, I am yours to the. ground.” Rochester, on this,improving his blow, returned with, “ Doctor, 1 am yours to thecentre;” which was as smartly followed up by Barrow, with,“ My lord, I am yours to the antipodes.” Upon which, Ro-chester, disdaining to be foiled by a musty old piece of divinity,as he used to cal! him, exclaimed, “ Doctor, 1 am yours to thelowest pit of hell;” upon which, Barrow, turning upon his heel,with a sarcastic smile,archly replied, “There, my lord, 1 leave you.”

Barrow, whether in the beginning or end of names of places,signifies a grove; from beanve, which the Saxons used in thesame sense.

Barrows, in ancient topography, artificial hillocks or mounts,met with in many parts of the world, intended as repositories forthe dead, and formed either of stones heaped up, or of earth. Forthe former, more generally known by the name of cairns, seeCairns .

BARROWISTS, in church history. See Brownists.

BARRULET, in heraldry, the 4th part of the bar, or the one-half of the closet; an usual bearing in coat-armour.

BARRULY, in heraldry, is when the field is divided bar-ways,that is, across from side to side, into several parts.

BARRY, an island on the S. W. coast of Glamorganshire , inS. Wales.

Barry, a town of Ireland, in the county of Longford , 54 milesfrom Dublin .

Barry, Girald, commonly called Giraldus Cambrensis , awriter of the 12th century, was born in Pembrokeshire of a noblefamily. He received a liberal education, and obtained severalecclesiastical perferments. He had the care of the church of St.David’s for some lime, and was chosen bishop of that diocese bythe chapter, but Ids election was declared void by the pope. In1215 he was ottered the same bishopric, but refused it. When hedied is unknown. He wrote the History of the Conquest of Ire-land, and Topographia Hibernica, both edited by Camden in1602. His Itinerarium Cambria; was published by David Powel .He also wrote a curious book against the monks, intituled Ecclesia;Speculum.

Barry, in heraldry, is when an escutcheon is divided bar-ways, that is, across from side to side, into an even number ofpartitions, consisting of two or more tinctures, interchangeablydisposed.

Barry-bendy is when an escutcheon is divided evenly, bar andbend-ways, by lines drawn transverse and diagonal, interchange-ably varying the tinctures of which it consists.

Barry-pily, in heraldry, is when a coat is divided by severallines drawn obliquely from side to side, where they form acuteangles.

BARSALLI, a kingdom of Africa, bordering on the riverGambia , inhabited by a tribe of negroes called Jaloffs.

BARSANIANI, in church-history, a sect who held all theerrors of the Severians and Theodosians.

BARSICK, a head-land on the coast of the island of S. Ronald-say, one of the Orkneys , which is 250 feet perpendicular above thelevel of the sea.

BARTER , the act or practice of trafficking by exchange ofcommodities; sometimes the thing given in exchange. °SeeArithmetic.

BARTI1ELEMI, Jean Jaques, was born at Paris about theend of tlie year 1715; and, being educated for the church, becameprior of Courcay, keeper of the medals and antiques in the French king’s cabinet, and was elected a member of the Academy oInscriptions in 1747. Hi£ most celebrated work is “ The Travelof Anacharsis the younger into Greece, ” in which he shews hisintimate acquaintance with the antiquities, laws, religions, andcustoms of the ancients, as well as their arts and sciences, andmakes his readers almost think themselves present with the mostinteresting period of the Grecian state, including the times ofPericles and Alexander. After being imprisoned, and sufferingvarious persecutions during the reign of terror, he was at lengthreleased on the death ot' Robespierre , and received a pensionfrom the Convention as a compensation for his unmerited suffer-ings. But their bounty came too late, the old man lived but afew months after the recovery of his liberty, having died at Paris ,the 4th of May, 1795.

BARTHOLINUS, Casi’ar, a learned physician and anatomistin the 17th century, born at Malmoe, in Schonen, which thenbelonged to Denmark . At three years of age lie had such aquick capacity, that in 14 days lie' learned to read ; and in his13th year he composed Greek and Latin orations, and pronouncedthem in public. When he was about 18, he went to the univer-sity of Copenhagen, and afterwards studied at Rostock and Wir-temberg. He afterwards travelled, and neglected no opportunityof improving himself at the different universities to which hecame. He was, in 1612, chosen professor of physic in that uni-versity, which he enjoyed 11 years; when, falling into a dangerousillness, he made a vow, that if it should please God to restorehim, he would solely apply himself to the study of divinity. Herecovered, and kept iiis word; and soon after obtained the pro-fessorship of divinity, and the canonry of Roschild. He died in1629, having written several small works, chiefly on metaphysics,logic, and rhetoric.

Baktholinus, Thomas, a celebrated physician, son of fileformer, born at Copenhagen in 1616. After studying some yearsin his own country, he, in 1637, went to Leyden, where lie stu-died physic three years. He then travelled into France ; and re-sided two years at Paris and Montpelier, for improvement. After-wards going to Italy, he continued three years at Padua ; and atlength went to Basil , where he obtained the degree of doctor ofphilosophy. Soon after, he returned to Copenhagen ; where, in1647, he was appointed professor of Mathematics; and in 1648of anatomy, a branch better suited to bis genius and inclination :

which