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BERNARDINES, an order of monks, founded by Robert,abbot of Moleme, in the beginning of the 12th century, and re- 1formed by 1st. Bernard. They wear a white robe with a black sci-pularv, and differ verv little trom the Cistercians .

IJER NAY, a trading town of France , in the department ofEure, 20 miles S. VV. of Rouen .

BERNBURG, a town of Germany , in l T pper Saxony.

BERN 1C1A, the ancient name of Berwick.

BERNICLE, a species of lepas. See I.f.pas.

BERNO, abbot ol Richenou, in the diocese of Constance, whoflouri-bed about A. 1). 1008 , is celebrated as a poet, orator, musi-cian, philosopher, and divine. He was the author of severaltreatises on music, particularly, De lnstrumeutis Musicalibus, i)eMennira, Mcuochordi, &c. But the most celebrated of hisworks is a treatise De M us’.'ca, seu 'Ponis , which he wrote and dedi-cated to Pelegrines, archbishop of Cologne, beginningVero minidiFt) adveiue et percgriir.r. This is part of the Balio! MS. and fol-1 nvs the Enchiridion of Odo : it contains a summary of Boetius ’sdoctrines, an explanation of the ecclesiastical tones, with exhor-tations to piety, and the application of music to religious pur-poses.

BERNOULLI, James, a celebrated mathematician , born atBasil in 1654. lie applied himself to divinity, not so much frominclination as complaisance to his father. He gave very earlyproofs of his genius for mathematics, which he studied privately,without any assistance from masters, and at first he was obliged toconceal his books that he might not incur the reprimands of his fa-ther. This severity made him choose for his device, Phaetondriving the chariot of the sun, with these words, “ Invito patresidera verso,” “ I traverse the stars against my father’s inclination.”In 1656, he began his travels. When at Geneva, he devised amethod of teaching a blind girl to write. In Holland he studiedthe new philosophy. After having visited Flanders and Brabant,he went to England where he contracted an acquaintance with themost eminent men in the several sciences, especially the famousMr. Boyle. He returned to Basil in 1682; and exhibited a courseof experiments In natural philosophy and mechanics, which con-sisted of a variety of new discoveries. In 1682, he published hisessay of a new system of comets; and the year following, his dis-sertation on the weight of air. About 1684, Leibnitz published,in the Acta Eruditorum at Leipsic, some essays on his new calcu-lus differentiaiis, but without discovering the irtethod. Bernoulli ,however, and his brother, found out the secret, for which they re-ceived the applause of Leibnitz . In 1687 he was appointed pro-fessor of mathematics at Basil , and in 1699 was chosen member ofthe royal academy at Paris , lie died in 1705. His works wereprinted in 2 voK 4to. at Geneva, 1744. In imitation of Archi-medes, Mr. Bernoulli appointed that a spiral logarithmical curveshould be inscribed upon his tomb, with these words, Eadem mu-tala resurgo; in allusion to the hopes of the resurrection, whichare represented in some measure by the properties of the curve,which he had the honour of discovering.

Bernoulli, John, the brother of the above, was both at Basil in 1667. He laboured with his brother fo discover the methodused by Leibnitz , in his essays on the Dillerential Calculus, andgavethA fir.4 principles of the Integral Calculus. He, with Mes-sieurs lluygons and Leibnitz , first gave the Solution of the prob-lem proposed by James Bernoulli , concerning the'catenary. In1695, he was named professor of mathematics in the university ofGroningen. On the death of his brother James , he returned tohis native country, where the Academic Senate of Basil soon ap-pointed him to succ eed his brother, without assembling competi-tors, and contrary to the e-tablished practice ; an appointmentwhich he held during his whole life. In 1714 was published histreatise on the management of ships ; and in 1730, his memoir onthe elliptical tic tire of the planets gained the prize of the Academyof Sciences. 'Hie same Academy also divided 'the prize, for thequestion concerning the inclination of the plenetarv orbits, be-tween him and his son Daniel,—John Bernoulli was a member ofmost of the academies of Europe , and received as a foreign asso-ciate of that of Paris in 1699. 11 is writings were carefully col-

lected .and published at Lausanne and Geneva, 1742, in fourvolumes, 4to.

Bernoulli, Daniel, an eminent philosopher, was son of thelast mentioned, born at Groningen in 1700. After travellingthrough -several parts of Europe, he settled at Basil , where he be-

came successively professor of physic and philosophy. lie gainedand divided ten prizes from the academy of sciences, which werecontended for by the greatest mathematicians in Europe . In1734 he divided one with his father, which occasioned a differencebetween them, for the father construed tiie contest itself into awant of respect; and the son did not sufficiently conceal, that hethought (what was really the case) his own piece belter than hisfather’s. Besides this, he declared for Newton, against whom hisfather had contended all his life, in 1740, Mr. Bernoulli dividedthe prize, “ On the Tides of the Sea,” with Euler and Maclauriri.In 1738, he succeeded his father in the academy of sciences, andwas himself succeeded by his brother John, lie used to tell twolittle adventures) which he said had given him more pleasure thanall the other honours he had received. A learned stranger, withwhom he was travelling, asked his name: “ I am Daniel Bernoulli, ”answered he, with great modesty; “And J,” said the stranger(who thought he meant to laugh at him) “ am Isaac Newton .”—Another time he was giving a dinner to the famous Koenig the ma-thematician, who boasted, with a sufficient degree of self-compla-cency, of a difficult problem he had solved with much trouble.Bernoulli went on doing the honours of his table; and, when theywent to drink coffee, presented him with a solution of the problemmore elegant than bis own. l ie died in 1782.

BEROSUS, priest of the temple of Belus at Babylon , in thetime of Ptolemy Philadelphia, wrote the History of Chaldea,which is often cited by the ancients, and of which Josephus givessome curious fragments. The Athenians, according to Pliny ,caused his statue, with a golden tongue, to be placed in theirGymnasium.

BEROTII, or BEROTIIAI, a city of Syria , supposed to bethe same with Chun, which was conquered by David, and fromwhich lie carried offi a great deal of brass. Some reckon it thesame with Berytus. 1 Chron. xviii. 8.

BERRE, a town of France . Lon. 5. 12. E. Lat. 43. 32. N.

BERRY, a late province of France , which now forms the twodepartments of Cher and liulre.

Berry, baton, a round fruit, without valves, for the most partsoft, and covered with a thin skin, containing naked seeds in apulpy substance ; but if it be harder or covered with a thickerskin, it is called pomum, apple.

BERS, an electuary used by the Egyptians (to excite delirilims.

BERSA, in old law, a bound, compass, or fence.

RERSABE, or BEER-SI1EBA, a town in the tribe of Si-meon ; the S. boundary not only of its own tribe but of thewhole land of Israel , as appears from the common expression,“ from Dari to Beer-sheba .”

BERSARE, in old records, to shoot.

BERSARII, in writers of the middle age, a kind of hunters,who pursued wild beasts.

BERTHING, in sea language, denotes the raising or bringingup of ship-sides.

BERTHINSECK, an old feudal law, by which a man was notto be hanged for stealing a sheep or a calf, that he could carryaway in a sack on his back ; but only whipped.

BERTIE, a populous and fertile county of Edenton district,North Carolina .

BERTIERA, a genus of the pentandria tnonogynia class andorder. The calyx turbinate, five-toothed ; corolla, tube short,with a villose mouth ; berry globose, inferior, two-celled ; seedsnumerous. It lias one species, a shrub rising six or seven feet, anative of Guiana .

BERLIN ERO, a town of Romagna in Italy . Lon. II 47.E. Lat. 44, 8. N.

BERTON. \ barton, Sax.] a farm.

EERTONARII, [oldlaw Latin, ] farmers.

BERTRAND, Sr. a town of France , in the department ofUpper Garonne . Lon. 0. 48. E. Lat. 42. 56. N.

BERRYING. See Berthing.

BERYIE, or BE ICY, a royal burgh of Scotland, in Kin-cardineshire , 13 miles N. of Montrose. Lon. 2. 0. W. Lat. 56.4°. N.

BERULIANS, a sect of Christians in the 12th century, whoaffirmed that all human souls were created in the beginning ofthe world.

BERWICK, a fertile, well-cultivated county in Scotland, .

called