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within the benefit of clergy. The first wife in this case shall notbe admitted as an evidence against her husband, because she is thetrue wile; but the second may, for she is indeed no wife at all:and so, vice versa, of a second husband. This act makes an ex-ception to five cases, in which such second marriage, though inthe three first it is void, is yet no felony. 1. Where either party hathbeen continually abroad for seven years, whether the party in Eng-land hath notice of the other’s being alive or no. 2. Wherecither of the parties has been absent from the other, seven yearswithin this kingdom, and the remaining party hath had no know-ledge of the other’s being alive within that time. 3. Wherethere is a divorce (or separation ti mensa el tlioro) by sentence inthe ecclesiastical court. 4. Where the first marriage is declaredabsolutely void by any such sentence, and the parties loosed avinculo. Or, 5. Where either of the parlies was under the ageof consent at the time of the first marriage: for in such case, thefirst marriage was voidable by the disagreement of either party,which the second marriage very clearly amounts to. But, if atthe age of consent the parties had agreed to the marriage, whichcompletes the contract, and is indeed the real marriage; andafterwards one of them should marry again ; Judge Blackstone ap^prebends that such second marriage would be within the reasonand penalties of the act.

B1GATI, in antiquity, a kind of ancient Roman silver coins,on one side whereof was represented a biga, or chariot drawn bytwo horses. The bigatus was properly the Roman denarius,whose impression, during the times of the commonwealth, was achariot driven by Victory , and drawn either by two horses orfour; according to which it was either denominated bigatus orquadrigatus.

BIGGLESWADE, a town of Bedfordshire , 10 miles N. W.of Bedford.

BIGNONIA, Trumpet-Flowf.r, or Scarlet-Jessamine:A genus of the angiospermia order, and didynamia class ofplants; natural order, Personatse. Calyxquinquefid, cup-form;corolla, bell-shaped at the throat, quinquefid, and bellied under-neath ; siliqua bilocular; seeds with membranous wings. It has 27species, mostly trees and shrubs, natives of the EastandWest Indies.

BIGORRE, lately a county of France , in Gascony, whichrow forms the department of the Upper Pyrenees.

BIGOT, a person obstinately and perversely wedded to someopinion or practice, particularly of a religious nature. Camden,perhaps, has hit upon the true origin of the word. He relates,that when Rollo , Duke of Normandy, received Gissa, the daugh-ter of Charles the I'oolish, in marriage, together with the inves-titure of that dukedom, lie would not submit to kiss Charles ’sfoot: and when his friends urged him by all means to complywith that ceremony, he made answer in the English tongue, Nese by God, i. e. Not so by God . Upon which, the king and hiscourtiers deriding him, and corruptly repeating his answer, calledhim bigot; front whence the Normans were called bigodi, orbigots.

BIHAEZ, a town of Hungary in Croatia .

BIJORE, a province of Ilind’ostan Proper, between the Indusand the Attock .

BIJUGUM Folium, in botany, denotes a winged leaf, bearingtwo pair of folioke.

BlLA I ERAL Cognation, denotes kindred, on both sides;that of the father as well as mother.

BILBOA, a large, handsome, and rich town of Spain , thecapital of Biscay , with a well frequented harbour. Toil. 3. 10.W. Lat. 43. 23. N.

BILBOES, a sort of stocks, or wooden shackles for the feet,used for punishing offenders at sea. ’

BILDESTON, a town of Suffolk , 12 miles S. E. of Bury,and 03 N. E. of London .

BILDGE, or BILGE, of a ship, the bottom of her floor,er the breadth of the place the ship rests on, when she is a-ground.

Bildge Pumps, or Burr-Pumps, are those that carry off thebildge water.

Bilbck Water, that which lies on the ship’s floor, and cannotgo to the well cf the pump.

To Pildge. A ship is said to bildge. or be bildged, when shehas some of her timber struck off on a rock or anchor, and springsa leak. '

VOL. i.— no. 28.

BIX,

BILE , [ bills , according to Navius from bis lis, as if bile werethe cause of disputes,] is a yellow, or greenish, saponaceousliquor, secreted in the liver, and collected in the gall-bladder,into which it regurgitates, as it were, into a blind gut, and isthence discharged into the lower end of the duodenum, or be-ginning of the jejunum. Its principal use appears to be that ofsheathing or blunting the acids contained in our daily food, andthus enabling the milky liquor, called chyle, after being mixedwith bile in the duodenum, to enter the lacteal veins, or milkvessels, which convey a nutritious supply to the whole body.Hence an increased quantity of aliment requires a greater pro-portion of bile to promote its digestion ; and, accordingly asthe stomach is more or less distended with food, it presses onthe gall-bladder to obtain a proportionate quantity of bile.Bile is a very important fluid in the animal a-conomy, inso-much, that from an excessive secretion of if, the inhabitants ofwarm climates become liable to many tedious and often fataldiseases. A superabundance of bile in the first passages, eitherflows again into the stomach, and is productive of gelieral lan-guor, nausea, a foul tongue, loss of appetite, and indigestion ;or, when it is determined to the intestines, it is gem rally at-tended with a painful diarrhoea. In the temperate climates, how-ever, a vitiated anti superfluous bile is more frequently ddfu-edthrough the whole body, in this case, the skin as limes a yellowcolour, the urine becomes sensibly impregnated with bilious mat-ter, the pulse is preternaturally quick, and the patient complainsof heat, thirst, head-ach, and other symptoms of lever. Ills bodybecomes gradually emaciated, and his visage strongly indicatesthe disorder of the constitution.—Various are the causes of thisextensive derangement of the different bodily functions ; but wemay safely assert, that most persons, particularly in hot climates,contract bilious diarrhoias, colics, fevers, and chronic diseases,of (lie liver, by intemperance in eating animal food, drinkingspirituous liquors, and by braving the sudden transitions of tem-perature, from the intense heat of day to tiic piercing dullness-of night, and thus checking insensible perspiration—one of themost necessary excretions of the human body. For the cure ofsuch maladies as may arise from numerous and diversified causes,no general plan can be safely prescribed. But it deserves to beremarked, that the greatest benefit may be derived from adopt-ing a proper diet anil regimen ; both with a view to prevent andrelieve bilious diseases, lienee we would advise persons liable toeructations, flatulency, and costiveness, which arise from a viti-ated bile, to abstain from ail acrid, watery, and oily food,especially butter and fat meat; to abandon hot liquors, ‘such astea, coffee, punch, &c. to regulate the depressing passions ofgrief, anger, and anxiety ; to exchange a hasty and irascible fora more placid and composed temper; and on the whole to pursuea calm, steady, and temperate course of life. . Vitiated bile, isa common disease in infants, who are suckled by intemperate orpassionate nurses; .or, in consequence of their being fed witli im-proper nutriment, such as viscid pap made of flour, instead ofbiscuit or well baked bread ; animal food, before they are twelvemonths old ; gingerbread, pastrV, Sec.

BILEDULGEBI1), or, BEL1D AL JERID, the Countryof Dales, a kingdom of Africa. It is almost square, extendingmore than 80 leagues every way, from 28°. 30'. to 32°. 50 .Lat. N. and from (>". to 12°. Lon. \V. It is bounded on the N.bv Tunis, on the E. bv a ridge of lofty mountains which divideit from Tripoli and part of Gudamis, on the W. by the countriesof Zeb and Mezeb, and on the b\ by the province of Verglieia.'File whole country is barren, sandy, and mountainous, producinglittle or nothing besides dates, which grow here in such profusion,that the face of half the country is covered over with date-trees m rfrom which the whole country takes its name.

BILL, an instrument made of iron, edged in the form of acrescent, and adapted to a handle. V hen short, it is called elhand-bill, and when long, a liedge-bili.

Bill signifies also a paper, either written or printed, vn yervlarge characters, which is posted up in some open and public-place, to give notice of the sale of any merchandize or ship, orof the sailing of any vessel into foreign parts. The great conve-niency of advertising in the public papers, makes bills of thisnature less necessary m England than in other countries.

Bill in Trade, both wholesale and retail, as also among work-men, signifies an account of merchandizes or goods delivered to5 S, a person^