BON
479
BON
sheriff's of London , Src. charging them, that a person against whomjudgement is obtained, and prosecuting a writ of error, be not suf-ferer to remove his goods until the error is determined.
BONN, or LON, an ancient and strong city of Germany , inthe electorate of Cologn : it was the usual residence of the elector.Lon. 7 5. E. Lat.50. 35. N.
BONNAGE, in oitr old feudal customs, not jet wholly abo-lished, an obligation on the part of a tenant to cut down part ofthe proprietor’s corn when called on. it sometimes happens,that by reaping the proprie or’s crop, the poor tenant loses theopportun ty of culling down his own. This and smiil.it servitudes,such as carriages, th rlages, &c. are “so adverse to agriculture,and even to die true interests of the proprietor, that in a short time,(it ts hoped,) died very names will be obsolete.” Sir J. Sinclair’sStut. Aec. Vol. 1. p. 433.
BONNER, Edmund, bishop of London , of infamous memory,was born at Hanley, in Worcestershire , and generally supposed tobe the natural son of one Savage a pried ; wno was the natural sonof Sir John Savage of Clitton m the same county. Strypc, how-ever, says, he was positively assured that Bonner was the legiti-mate oiLpring of a poor man, who lived in a cottage known to thisday by the name of Bonner’s place. About 1512, he enteredstudent ot Broadgate Hall in Oxford. In 1519, he was admittedbachelor of the canon and civil law. Having acquired thecharacter of a shrewd politician and civilian, he was soon distin-guished by cardinal Wolsey , who made him his commissary forthe faculties, and heaped upon him a variety of church prefer-ments. He possessed at one time the livings of Blaydou andCherry-Burton in Y.rkslure, Ripple in Worcestershire , 'East Der-chain in Norfolk , prebend ol St. Paul’s, anti the archdeaconry ofLeicester. Bonner was with tile cardinal at Caw-wood, when hewas arrested for high-treason. After the death ot that minister, hesoon insinuated himsell into the favour of Henry VIII . who madehim one ot his chaplains, and employed him m several embassies,particularly to the pope. In 1532, he was sent to Route, withSir Edward Kame, to answer tor the king, whom his holiness hadcited to appear in person, or bv proxy. In 1533, lie was again dis-patched to Pope Clement VII. at Marseilles , upon the excom-munication of king Henry on account of Ins divorce. On tiiisoccasion he threatened the pope with so much resolution, that hisholiness talked ot burning him alive, or throwing him into a cal-dron of melted lead; upon which Bonner thought lit to decamp.Ilis infallibility did not foresee that the man whom he thusthreatened would utter-arils burn heretics in England. In 1538,being ambassador ai me court of France , he was nominated bishopof Hereford ; but, before consecration, was translated to the seeof London, and enthroued in April 1540. Henry VIII . died in1547, while Bonner was ambassador with the emperor Charles V. During this reign ne was constantly zealous m his opposition to thepope; hut, on the accession of young Edward, he refused theoath of supremacy, and was committed to the Fleet; however, liesoon thought lit to promise obedience to the laws, and was ac-cordingly released. He continued to comply with tiie Reforma-tion ; hut with such manifest neglect and reluctance, that he wastwice reprimanded by the privy council, and in 1549, alter a longtrial, was committed to the Marshalsea, and deprived of his bishopric. The succeeding reign gave him ample opportunity of re-venge. Mary was scarce seated on the throne betore Bonner wasrestored to his bishopric; and soon after appointed vicegerentand president of the convocation. From this time he became thechief instrument of papal cruelty; and he is said to have con-demned no less than 200 Protestants to the tlames in the space ofthree years. Nor was this monster of a priest more remarkablefor his cruelty than his impudence. When Queen Elizabeth cameto the crown, he had the insoience to meet her, w i*h the rest olthe bishops, at Ilighgate. But, in the second year ot her reign,refusing to take the oath of allegiance and supremacy, lie was againdeprived, and committed to the Marshalsea; where he died in15(19, after ten years’ confinement. There cannot be a strongerinstance of the great lemty of the Established church, than its suf-fering this miscreant to die a natural death, Several pieces werepublished under his name.
BONNES l ABLE, a town of France , 15 miles N. E, ofMans.
BONNET, in fortification, a small work, consisting of two/aces, having only a parapet with two rows of palisadoes, of about
ten or twelve leet distance: it is generally raised before the salian fangle of the counterscarp, and lias a communication with the co~vered way, by a trench cut through the glacis, and palisadoes oueach side. See Fortification .
Bonnet, in the sea language denotes an addition toa sail: thusthey say, lace on the bonnet, or shake off the bonnet.
BONN 1-71 1A, in botany, a genus of the polyatidria monogyniaclass and order. Calyx live-parted, two parts larger; corollalive-petaled, three smaller upright, two longer decimate; cap-sules oblong, three-celled, three-valved ; seeds many. One species,viz. 15. inanuna which grows in marshy places in Cayenne andGuiana , a tree about fifteen feet high, branching chidily towards thetop.
BONNEVAL, a town ot France , in the department of Eureatm Loire. Lon. 1. 2 ). E. Lat. 48. 12. N.
BONO et Malo, Writ de. A special writ of gaol-deli very',was anciently used for each particular prisoner under this title ;but these things being found inconvenient and oppressive, a gene-ral commission for all the prisoners has long been established intheir stead.
BONONIA, an ancient town of Gallia Belgica, supposed to bethe Porlus Iccius of Catsar. It is now called Boulogne .
Bononia, a town of Italy , in Gallia Cispudana. It is now call-ed Bologna .
BONTIA, Wild Olive op Barbadoes ; a genus of the angi-ospermia order, and dnlynamia class of plants; natural order,Personat®. Calyx quinquepartite; corolla bilabiate, the inferiorlip tripartite and revolute ; the plum ovate and monospennous,with the apex turned to one side. There is one species, viz. B.Daphnoides, with a woody stem and branches; rising to the heightof ten leet, with narrow, smooth, thickish leaves, crenated at theedges ; and flowers from the sides of the branches, succeeded bylarge oval iruit that sometimes ripens in England. Ilis generallycultivated in the gardens at Barbadoes for hedges; for which it isexceedingly proper, being an evergreen of very quick growth.
BONUS, [i. e. good, Lat.'] among Stock-jobbers, a premiumgiven on the nominal terms of government !o ns.
BONZES, Indian priests. The Touquinese have a pagod ortemple in each town : and each pagod has at least two bonzes be-longing to it; some have 30 or 40. These bonzes, to distinguishthemselves from me laity, wear a chaplet about their necks con-sisting of 100 bead-; a. A carry a staff, at the end of which is awooden bird They live upon the alms of the people; yet arevery charitably disposed, and maintain several orphans and widowsout ot their own collections.
Bonzes of China are the priests of theFohists, or sect of Fold.It is one of their established tenets, that great rewards are allottedfor the righteous, and punishments for the wicked, in the nextworld ; and that there are various mansions in yvhich the souls ofmen will reside, according to their different degrees of merit.
BOOK , \Jboc, Sax. a beech: because they wrote on beechenboards, as liber in Latin , from the rind of a tree,] the generalname of almost every literary composition ; but, in a more limitedsense, is applied only to such compositions as are large enough tomake a volume ; small tracts being stiled pamphlets. The booksof Moses are undoubtedly’ the most ancient extant. But Moses himself cites the Books of the Wars of the Lord, (Numb. xxi.14,) which must have been written before Ids time, unless, assome commentators judiciously suppose, this book had been pre-viously wrote by liinist If. Of prolane books, the oldest extantare Homer ’s poems, which were so even in the time of SextusEmuirii us ; though we find mention in Greek writers of 70 -othtrs prior to Ilomer; as Hermes , Orpheus, Daphne, Horns,Linus, Musanis, Palantedes, Zoroaster , &c. but of the greaterpart of these there is not the least fragment remaining; and ofothers, the pieces which go under their names are generally heldby the learned, to be supposititious. Several soits of materialswere used formerly in making bo ks: Plates of lead and copper,-he barks of trees, bricks, stone, and wood, were the first mate-rials employed to engravi such things upon, as men wished totransmit to posterity. Josepntis speaks of two columns, the-oneof stone, the oilier of brick, on wnich the children of Seth wrotetheir inventions and astronomical discoveries: Porphyry mentionssome pillars preserved in Crete , on which the ceremonies prac-tised by the Corybautes in their sacrifices were recorded. Hes od’s
works