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granted on candles, by 8 & 9 Anne, cap. 6. made for sale, of one jpenny a pound, besides the duty upon tallow, by 8 Anne, cap. 9.And by 94 Geo. 111. cap. 11. an additional duty of an halfpennya pound ■. and by the same an additional duty" of an halfpenny'n pound is laid upon all candles imported, (except those of waxand spermaceti, for which see Wax-Candles,) subject also tothe two additional 5 per cents, imposed by 19 and 22 Geo. III.liesides the duty of S jd. formerly imposed by 2 W. sess. 2. cap.

4. 8 Anne, cap. 9. and 9 Anne, cap. 6.. And every maker ofcandles, other than wax-candles for sale, shall annually take outa licence at 1/. The maker of candles shall, in four weeks withinthe bills, and elsewhere in six weeks, after entry, clear olf theduties on pain of double duty : nor sell any alter default in pay-ment on pain of double valueS'Anne, cap. 9. The makersof candles are not to use melting-houses, ■ without making a trueentry, on pain of 100/. and to give notice of making candles tothe excise oflicer for the duties; and of the number, &c. orshall forfeit 50/. Stat. 11 Geo. I. cap. 30. See also 23 Geo. II.cap. 21. and 2b Geo. II. 32. No maker of candles for sale shallbegin to make candles, without notice first given to the officer,unless from September 29th to March 23th yearly, betweenseven in the morning and live in the evening, 'and from March23th to September 29th, between five in the morning and sevenin the evening, on pain of 10/. 10 Anne, cap. 26. The penaltyof obstructing the officer is 20/. and of removing candles be-fore they are surveved 20/. 8 Anne, cap. 9. The penalty ofprivately making candles is the forfeiture of the same andutensils, and 10 ">l. 5 Geo. Ill. cap. 43. And the penalty ofmingling weighed with unweighed candles, of removing thembefore tney are weighed, or of concealing them, is the forfei-tme of 100/. 11 Geo. cap. 30. Candles, for which the dutyhath been paid, may be exported, and the duty drawn back;but no draw-back shall be allowed on the exportation of anyforeign candles imported. 8 Anne, cap. 9. 23 Geo. IT. cap. 2LCandle Bombs, a name given to small glass bubbles, havinga neck about an inch long, with a very slender bore, by meansof which a small quantity of water is introduced into them, andtiie orifice afterwards closed up. The stalk being put throughtiie wick of a burning candle, the vicinity' of the flame soonrariiies the water into a steam, by the elasticity of which the glassis hurst with a loud crack.

CANDLEMAS , [from candle, and mass,'] the feast of theruriiication of the Blessed Virgin , which was formerly celebratedMth many lights in churches. It is held on the 2d of February.The ancient Christians on that day used lights in their churchesand processions, in memory, it is said, of our Saviour’s being onthat' dav declared by Simon “ to he a light to lighten the Gen-tiles.” In imitation of this custom, the Roman catholics on thisday consecrate all the tapers and candles w Inch they use in theirchurches during the whole year. At Rome , the Rope performstiiat ceremony himself; and distributes wax-candles to the car-crnals and others, who carry them in procession through the greathall of the Rope’s palace. This ceremony was prohibited in Eng-land by ail order of council in 1548. Candlemas is one of thetour terms of the year for paying and receiving rents or borrowedCioriey, &c. In tiie courts of law, Candlemas term begins 15thJanuary, and ends 3d February.

candlestick, g olden, was one of the sacred utensilsTOade by Moses to be placed in the Jewish tabernacle. It wasWade of hammered gold, a talent in weight. It consisted of,e ven branches supported by a base or foot. These branchesvv ere adorned at equal distances with six flowers like lilies, and''ffih as many bowls and knobs placed alternately. Upon the, . ail( l six branches of the candlestick were the golden lamps,' v, "ch were immoveable, wherein were put oil and cotton. These*cven lamps were lighted every evening, and extinguished everyburning. They had tlieir tongs or snuffers to draw the cotton in“i * mt * dishes under them to receive the sparks or droppingsl J lle oil. This candlestick was placed in the antichamber oftle sanctuary on the S. side, arid served to illuminate the altar ofjwrtume and the tabernacle of the shew-bread. When Solomonbuilt the temple of the Lord, he placed in it ten goldenanctlesticks of the same form as that described by Moses , fiveth it” ^' an ^ five on the S. side of the holy place : But after• e ih ' a! >ylonish captivity, the golden candlestick was again placedwe temple, as it has been before in the tabernacle by Moses .vol. 1.—no. 38.

This sacred utensil, upon the destruction of the temple by- theRomans, was lodged in the temple of peace built by Vespasian ; andtiie representation of it is still to he seen on the triumphal arch at thefootot mount Ralatir.e, on which Vespasian ’s triumph is delineated.

CANDO, CONDI, orCUNDL, in commerce, a long mea-sure used in several parts of the East Indies, particularly at Goa ,to measure linen. The cando used inPegu is equal to IheVenetian ell.

CANDY, a large kiudorn of Asia, in Ceylon . It containsabout a quarter of the island ; and as it is encompassed with highmountains, and covered with thick forests, through which theroads and paths are narrow and difficult, the king has themguarded to prevent his subjects from going into other countries.The king is absolute, and his subjects are idolaters.

Candy, the capital of the above kingdom. Lon. 80. 52. E.Lat. 7. 45. N.

Candy, or Sugar-Candy, a preparation of sugar made bymelting and crystallizing it six or seven times over, to render ithard or transparent. It is of three kinds, white, yellow, andred. . The white comes from the loaf-sugar, the yellow from thecassanado, and the red from the muscavado,

CANE, in botany-. See Arundo and Calamus.

Cane, a long measure which differs in the several countrieswhere it is used. At Naples the cane is equal to seven feet 3J

Cane, Sugar. See Saccharum.

CANEA, a considerable town of the island of Candia, wherea bashaw resides.

CAN El,LA , in botany, a genus of the monogynia order,and dodecandria class ; natural order, Holoruces 1 , Calyx three-lobed; petals five; anther® 16, growing to an urceolated orbladder-shaped nectarium ; berry bilocular; seeds two or four.There is but one species, viz. C. alba, laurel-leaved canella, atree, the stem of which rises from ten to fifty feet in height,straight, upright, branching only at the top. The flowers growat the tops of tiie branches in clusters, upon divided pedunclesU is common in most of the West India islands. See Plate IX.

CANELLE, or CANE-LAND, a large country in the islandof Ceylon , formerly called Cota.

CAN FEDORA, in botanv, a genus of the class and orderpentandria monogynia. Common calyx tubular, toothed, many-llowered ; perianthum five or six-cleft; corolla campanulate,live or six-cleft; fruit inferior, two-seeded. Two species, viz.the axillaries and capitata, natives of Madagascar .

CANEEHORJA, a ceremony which made part of a feast,celebrated by the Athenian virgins on the eve of their marriage-day. It consists in this: The maid, conducted by her father Aidmother, went to tiie temple of Minerva, carrying with Iter abasket full of little curiosities, as presents to Diana, to qngage herto make the marriage state happy.

Canephoria, was also a festival in honour of Bacchus,celebrated particularly- by the Athenians, in which the young maidscarried golden baskets full of fruit, covered to conceal the mys-tery from the uninitiated.

CANES, in Egypt and other eastern countries, a poor sort ofbuildings for the reception of strangers and travellers.

Canes Venatici, in astronomy, the grey-hounds, two newconstellations first established by- Ileveiius, between the tail ofthe Great Bear and Bootes ’s arms, above the Coma Berenices.The lirst is called asterion, being next the Bear’s tail, the otherchara. See Astronomy.

CANE'l’O, a strong town of Italy in Mantua, 12 miles S. ofMantua.

C ANGA, in the Chinese affairs, a wooden clog borne on theneck, by way of punishment for divers offences.

CANGEKLCORA, a large river in the peninsula cf Indus-tan, which runs S. W . to the coast ot Malabar.

CANICULA, in astronomy, a star in the constellation canismajor, called also the dog-star; by the Greeks lus.'S-, Sirius.It is the 10th in order in tiie Britannic catalogue; in Tycho's it istiie 2nd. It is situated in tiie mouth of the constellation ;tmd is ofthe first magnitude, being the largest and brightest in the heaven;.From the rising of this star not comically, or with the sun, butheliacally, that is, its emersion from the sun’s rays, which nowhappens about the l^th of August, the acciests reckoned their7 M die.