CAR

615

C A S

are differently affected and properly engaged, in every composi-tion. These cartoons are seven in number, and form only a smallpart of the sacred historical designs executed by this great artist,)j while engaged in the chambers of the Vatican , under Popes Ju-lius U. and Leo X . When finished, they were sent to Flanders,! to be copied in tapestry, for adorning the pontiiical apartments:which tapestries were not sent to Rome till several years alter thedecease of Raphael, and even in all probability were not (inishedand sent there before the terrible sack of that city in the time ofClement VII . when Raphael’s scholars lied, and none were left toinquire after the original Cartoons, which lay neglected in thestore rooms of the manufactory. The important revolution alsowhich followed in the Low Countries prevented their being no-ticed. It was therefore a fortunate circumstance that these sevenescaped the wreck of the others, which were torn in pieces, andof which fragments are dispersed in different collections. Theseseven were purchased by Rubens for Charles I. and they havebeen so roughly handled from the first, that holes were prickedfor the weavers to pounce the outlines, and other parts almost cutthrough in tracing. In this state they also fortunately escapedthe sale amongst the royal collection, by the disproport’ioned ap-praisement of these seven at 3001. and the nine pieces, being theFriumph of Julius Csesar, by Andrea Mantegna , appraised atlOOOf. They seem to have been little taken notice of, till King"William built a gallery, purposely to receive them, at HamptonCourt ; whence they were removed, on their suffering fromdamps, to the Queen's Palace. These Cartoons are justly repre-sented as “ the glory of England, and the envy of all other politenations;” and his Majesty is entitled to a tribute of respect andapplause for his care in preserv mg these precious treasures. As theyhave been long deservedly held in high estimation throughoutEurope by all authors of retim’d taste, so on account of the un-paralleled merit of these performances they will continue to bethe admiration of all lovers of excellent designs and graceful ex-pression in painting. They are now placed in Windsor-Castle ,and me open to the inspection of the curious.

CARTOUCHE, in architecture and sculpture, an ornamentrepresenting a scroll of paper. It is usually a flat member, withSavings , to represent some inscription, vice, cypher, or ornamentot armoury. They are, in architecture, muchthc same as modii-Mons; only these are set under the cornice in v.uinsc.ming, andthose under the cornice at the eaves of a house

Cartouche, in the military art, a ease of wood, about threeInches thick at the bottom, girt with marlin, holding about fourhundred musket balls, besides six or eight bails of iron, of a iiouml"’eight, to be fired out of a howitzer, for the defence of a pass,&c. A cartouche is sometimes made of a globular form, andfilled with a ball of a pound weight; and sometimes it is madevor the guns, being of ball of half or quarter pound weight, ac-cording to the nature of the gun, tied in form of a bunch of grapes,0r| a tompion of wood, and coated over.

CARTRIDGE, in the military art, a ease of pasteboard orparchment, holding the exact charge of a fire-arm. Those forjnuskets, carabines, and pistols, hold both the powder and hall for“ e charge; and those of cannon and mortars are usually in easesct pasteboard or tin, sometimes of wood, half a foot long", adaptedto the calibre of the piece.

'-.ARTRiuGE Box, a case of wood or turned iron, covered witheat her, holding a dozen musket cartridges. It is worn upon ae “,> a,1 d hangs a little lower than the right pocket-hole.CARUCATARIUS, in ancient law books, one who held landn soccage, or by plough tenure.

CARUl, or CAKVI, in botany. See Carum.t a.;- . ING, iu a general sense, the art or act of cutting or

c‘r ]'i l0n ' n 8 a hard body, by means of some sharp instrument, espe-B ? a chissel. Iu this sense carving includes statuary and en-" p ln Ki as well as cutting in wood.

^ ARvixc, in a limited sense, is the art of cutting figures in. < ’ 0< - In this sense, according to Pliny , it is prior both to sta-“ry/uui painting. To carve a figure, it must he first drawn orlin , ec 011 *b e wood. The vest of the block, not covered by thethe design, are then to be cut away with little narrowP>unt ' CU ‘ V< “ S - Vl' e wood fittest for the use is that which is hard,draw'*’ aU u* c * os ?> as beeeb, but especially box; to prepare it forUl g the design on, it is washed over with white lead tempered

in water ; which enables it either to hear ink or the crayon, oreven to take the impression by chalking. When the design is tabe pasted on the wood, this whitening is to be omitted, Theprinted side of the figure being wiped over with gum tragacanlUdissolved in water, it is clapped smooth on the wood, and let dry ;then wet slightly over, and the surface of the paper gently frettedoff, till all the strokes of the figure appear distinctly ; after whichthe carver begins to cut out the figure.

CARUM, in botany, a genus of the digynia order, and petan-driaclass; natural order, Umbellata’. Fruit o'vaic, oblong, striated;involucre one-leafed; petals keeled, inflex-einarginafe. Thereis but one species, viz. C. carui, common carraway, a biennialplant; it has a taper root like a parsnip, but much smaller, run-ning deep into the ground, sending out many small fibres, andhaving a strong aromatic taste. It is particularly cultivated in Essex.

CARUNCULA, iu analo: :y, a term denoting a little piece offlesh, and applied to several parts of the body: thus, Carunculalacryntalis, a little eminence situated in the large angle, or canlhusof the eye, where there are also sometimes hairs and certain littleglands.

CARUS, in medicine, a sudden deprivation of sense and motion,affecting the whole body.

CARYATES, in antiquity, a festival in honour of Diana, heldat Carya. The chief ceremony was a dance said to have beeninvented by Castor and Pollux , and performed by the virgins ofthe place.

CARYATIDES, or CARIATES, in architecture, a kind oforder of columns or pilasters, under the figure of women, dressedin long robes, after the manner of the Carian people, and servinginstead of columns, to support the entablement. The caryatidesshould always have their legs pretty close to each other, and evenacross, or one athwart the other ; their arms laid fiat to theirbodies, or to the head ; and as little spread as possible: when theyare insulated, they should never have any great weight to support;and they ought always to appear in characters proper to the placethey are used in. See Architecture.

CARY ATiS, an epithet of Diana.

CARYOCAR, in botany: a genus of the tetragvnia order,and polyandria class. Calyx quinquepartite; petals five ; stylesmost frequently four ; fruit a plum, with uucleuss'es, and furrowsnetted. One species.

CARY'OPH YI.LiF.US, in natural history, a genus of the classand order vermes intestina. Body round"; mouth dilated andfringed. One species : viz. C. pliciutn, which inhabits the in-testines ot various fresh-water fish, particularly the carp, tench,and bream.

C ARY OPIIYI.LUS, the clove tree, in botany : a genus ofthe monogynia order and poiyandria class of plants; natmal cider,Hesperidetr. Corolla tetrapctalous ; calyx tetraphy lions ; berrymonospermous below the receptacle of the flower. One species,viz. C. aromaticus, which is a native of (he Molucca islands parti-cularly of Amboyna , where it is principally cultivated. The clove-tree resembles, in its bark, the olive ; and is about the height ofthe laurel, which it also resembles in its leaves. See Plate XXXV.

CARY"OTA, in botany, a genus of the monoecia polyandriaclass and order. Natural order of Palms. Male ; calyx common ;corolla tripartite; stamens very many : female, calyx as in themale: corolla tripartite; pistil one; berry dispermous. Thereare two species. C. urens is a lofty palm-tree; the trunk is verylarge, covered with a sort of cinerous crust, which is quite smooth.The flowers are in long pendulous spikes, on which they grow inpairs. The corolla, which is sometimes bipartite, but commonlytripartite, is at first green, then red or purpD, ami finally yellow.C. mitis is about fifteen feet in height, a beautitul plant of Co-chinchina.

CASAL, a strong town of Italy in Montserrat, with a citadeland a bishop’s see, seated on the Po. It is forty-eight miles E.of Turin .

Casal Maggiore, a small strong town of Italy , in the Mi-lanese.

CASATI, Paul, a learned Jesuit , born at Placentia in 1617.After having taught mathematics and divinity at Rome , he wassent into Sweden to queen Christina, whom he prevailed on to em-brace the popish religion. He wrote 1. Vacuum proscription.Terra machinis mota. 3. Meduinicormn libri octo. 4. De lgne

Dissertatioues;