CHRONOLOGY.
A. M.
3799
3S00
3801
3802
3803
38043S05
3806. 3807
3805
3809
3811
8812
3813
3814
3815
38-16
vox,.
5. C. •
205 Tarentum taken by Fabius.
204 Marcellus falls into an ambush laid for him by Han-nibal, and is killed.
The Romans besiege Locri; but Hannibal comingto its assistance, they are obliged to raise thesiege.
203 Asdrubal having passed the Alps in order to rein-force Hannibal, is totally defeated in Umbria bythe two Homan consuls with the loss of 56,000men killed. Asdrubal is taken prisoner and be-headed.
•202 The united force of Carthage in Spain, under thecommand of Mago, Asdrubal the sou of Cisco,and Massinissa king of Numidia, consisting of70,000 fool, and 4500 horse, entirely defeated byScipio, scarcely 6000 escaping.
201 Scipio becomes master of all Spain.
200 Locri takfin by surprise by Scipio.
199 Hannibal defeats the consul Sempronius in a smallbattle ; but is a few days after defeated by Sem-pronius.
Scipio land*; in Africa, and wastes the country to thevery gates of Carthage.
198 Scipio successful over Sypliax, king of Numidia.
197 Decisive battle of Zama between the Koinans underScipio, and the Carthaginians under Hannibal, inwhich llie latter lost 20,000 killed, and as manytaken prisoners. This battle is immediately fof-Iowed by a peace between Rome and Carthage,in which it was agreed that the latter should giveup Spain with all the islands in the Mediterra-nean. Thus ended the second Punic war, one ofthe most remarkable in history for its wonderfulvicissitudes, and prodigious expence of blood andtreasure.
196 Scipio for his signal success over the Carthaginians inAfrica obtained from the Roman senate the sur-name of Africanus.
The first Macedonian war begins, and continues near
four Years.
195 Battle of Cremona between the Romans under Fu-rius Purpureo, and the lioii under Hamilcar,a Carthaginian captain, in which the latter were to-tally discomfited.
193 The Achxans join tha Romans and Attains, king ofPergamus, against Philip, king of Macedon, in thesiege of Corinth; but are obliged to raise thesiege.
King Philip defeats the Romans and Ttolians bysurprise.
192 Thessaly invaded and plundered by the T.tolians.
The decisive battle of Cynocephulrr between the Ro-mans under Flaminius and the Macedonians un-der Philip, in which the latter is totally defeatedwith the loss of 8000 killed and 5000 prisoners.This battle is followed by a peace between theRomans and Macedonians, in which it was agreedthat Philip should evacuate all the places he pos-sessed in Greece.
The independence of Greece proclaimed by Flami-ntus at the Isthmian games.
The revolted Gauls in Italy totally defeated by theRoman consul Cethegus on the banks of theM incius.
191 Two Gaulish armies in Italy overthrown by the Ro-mans.
Lacedemon joined to the Acha-an league bv Philo-
pxmon.
190 The revolted Spaniards defeated by the Romans underM. Porcius Cato, the consul.
189 The Cisalpine Gauls defeated by Tib. SemproniusLongus, the Roman consul. In this battle theGauls lost 11,000, and the Romans 5000.
188 The Romans victorious over the l.usitaniaos, Vec-tores, Yoccsei, Celtiberians, and Boil,
i.— no. 46.
A. M. B. C.
3817 187 The Ligurians defeated by the proconsul Therm us.
Antiochus, king of Syria, having invaded Greece, bdefeated by the Romans with great slaughter atTliermnpyLr.
The sea-fight near C'yssus between the Roman andSyrian fleets, in which the latter were defeated.
The lioii are totally reduced by Scipio Nasica, andtheir lands divided among the Roman colonies.
3519 1S5 Decisive battle of Magnesia between the Roman'
under Scipio, the Roman consul, and the Syrian'under Antiochus, in which the latter were de-feated with the loss of 50,000 foot, 4,000 horse,1,500 prisoners, and 15 elephants. This battlewas followed by a peace between Rome and Sy-ria, in which it was agreed that Antiochus shouldgive up all pretensions to Europe, and confinef himselt in Asia beyond Mount Taurus.
Hannibal poisoned himself.
3520 184 The Gallo-Greeiuns, Tolistob’.i, Tectosagi, andTro-
vemi, subdued by the Romans.
3821 183 Philopsemon defeated and killed by Dinocratcs.
3822 182 The Altoliaus reduced by the proconsul L. Fulvius
Nobilior.
3824 180 The Lusitaniaus defeat the Romans with the loss of
5,000 men; but are soon after defeated them-selves with the loss of 30,000.
3828 176 Antiochus Epiphanes began his reign over Syria, and
ruled 11 years.
3829 175 The revolted Ligurians and Celteberians defeated by
the Roman'.
3830 174 The famous plebiscitum passed at Rome, whereby it
was enacted, that no man should be qmestor be-fore he was 31 years of age, curule aulile under37, prietor under 40, or consul under 43. 'Phislaw continued in force till the fall of the republic.
3832 172 The Egyptians demand Ccdo-Syria and Palestine of
Antiochus, king of Syria ; which not being com-plied with, war was proclaimed between the twonations, and carried on very vigorously.
Istria brought under the Roman subjection.
.3835 169 Antiochus enraged against the Jews, takes Jerusalem
after considerable opposition, kills 40,000 ofthem, and carries away as many of them prisoners,lie stripped tiie temple of all its golden vessels,3cc. and 1800 talents of gold and silver.
3836 168 The streets of Rome paved for the first time.
3837 107 'Fiie Stelliates conquered by the Romans.
The Samaritans disown all right to the Jewish re-ligion.
The Jews eery severelv persecuted by Atheneas, allover Judea, and their temple at Jerusalem dedi-cated to Jupiter Olympus.
Paulus rEmilius, the Roman general, defeats Perseus,king of Macedon, upon which all Macedoniasubmits to Rome.
Ptolemy’s generals, defeated by Antiochus, in a bat-tle between Pclnsium and Mount Cassius.
3838 166 Antiochus again successful over the Egyptians, and
made himselt master of all Egypt, except Alex-andria.
38.39 165 Death of Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria.
.3841 163 Perseus overthrown by the Romans under their coif-
sui .'Emiiius at Pydna. Thus ended the kingdomof Macedonia, after it had remained from the be-ginning of the reign of Caranus, 626 years. Butthe relics of the Macedonian empire,'’ while theRoman was rising, did yet survive in the Seleu-cus’s of Syria, and the Ptolemies of Egypt.
About this time flourished Terence, Poiybius, Pa-envius, Aristarchus, <kc.
3342 162 The Roman senate form Illyricum and Macedon into
two republics. Rome was so enriched by thespoils brought from Macedon, that she had nooccasion to tax ttic people from this tune to thetime of Augustus.
8 7. Nicanor.